Azerbaidjan: Visió econòmica i política
Trade represents 84% of Azerbaijan's GDP (World Bank, latest data); however, its foreign trade still relies heavily on the ex-Soviet bloc countries, especially Russia. Oil and gas represented over 91.5% of the country's exports in 2023. The remaining part comprised food and live animals (2.5%) and chemicals and related products (2.1%). On the other hand, imports are more diversified and mainly comprise machinery and transport equipment (36.4%), manufactured goods classified chiefly by material (15.4%), food and live animals (12.3%), mineral fuels, lubricants, and related materials (11.5%), chemicals and related products, not elsewhere specified (11% - data State Statistical Service).
In 2023, Italy was by far Azerbaijan's main export destination, accounting for 44.9% of total exports due to increased gas supplies. Other major export partners were Türkiye (15.8%), Israel (4.1%), Greece (4.0%), India (3.6%), and Tajikistan (3.5%); while the main import partners were Tajikistan (18.3%), China (17.5%), Türkiye (13.3%), Germany (5.3%), and the U.S. (5.1% - data State Statistical Committee).
As per the WTO, Azerbaijan’s exports stood at USD 33.9 billion in 2023, down by 11.1% y-o-y amid lower hydrocarbon prices; whereas imports totalled USD 17.2 billion (+18.8%). As per services, exports increased by 23.4% to USD 6.2 billion, with imports following a slower pace (+11.5%), at USD 8.6 billion. The total external trade balance was positive by 14.5% of GDP, according to the World Bank, from a peak of 33% in 2022. According to preliminary figures from the State Statistical Committee, in January-November 2024, the country's foreign trade turnover totalled USD 42.81 billion. Exports accounted for USD 24.04 billion (56.2%), and imports for USD 18.77 billion (43.8%), resulting in a positive trade balance of USD 5.27 billion. Compared to the same period in 2023, trade turnover increased by 1.1% in nominal terms and 3.1% in real terms, with exports falling by 5.4% and imports rising by 0.6%.
| Foreign Trade Values | 2020 | 2021 | 2022 | 2023 | 2024 |
| Imports of Goods (million USD) | 10,732 | 11,703 | 14,540 | 17,285 | 21,053 |
| Exports of Goods (million USD) | 13,733 | 22,208 | 38,147 | 33,899 | 26,559 |
| Imports of Services (million USD) | 5,480 | 5,934 | 7,688 | 8,511 | 10,059 |
| Exports of Services (million USD) | 2,599 | 3,770 | 5,032 | 6,256 | 8,084 |
Source: World Trade Organisation (WTO) ; Latest available data
| Foreign Trade Indicators | 2020 | 2021 | 2022 | 2023 | 2024 |
| Foreign Trade (in % of GDP) | 72.0 | 76.3 | 87.0 | 83.5 | 82.7 |
| Trade Balance (million USD) | 2,512 | 11,274 | 28,697 | 12,806 | 8,825 |
| Trade Balance (Including Service) (million USD) | -418 | 9,062 | 26,000 | 10,471 | 6,774 |
| Imports of Goods and Services (in % of GDP) | 36.4 | 29.8 | 27.0 | 34.5 | 36.8 |
| Exports of Goods and Services (in % of GDP) | 35.6 | 46.5 | 60.0 | 49.0 | 45.9 |
Source: World Bank ; Latest available data
| Foreign Trade Forecasts | 2025 | 2026 (e) | 2027 (e) | 2028 (e) | 2029 (e) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Volume of exports of goods and services (Annual % change) | 12.8 | -3.2 | -6.7 | -6.0 | -0.7 |
| Volume of imports of goods and services (Annual % change) | 10.1 | 1.2 | 2.0 | 3.5 | 3.9 |
Source: IMF, World Economic Outlook ; Latest available data
Note: (e) Estimated Data
| Main Customers (% of Exports) |
2024 |
| Italy | 41.0% |
| Türkiye | 14.4% |
| Russia | 4.4% |
| Czech Republic | 4.1% |
| Croatia | 3.3% |
| See More Countries | 32.8% |
| Main Suppliers (% of Imports) |
2024 |
| China | 17.7% |
| Russia | 17.2% |
| Türkiye | 11.0% |
| United States | 7.7% |
| Australia | 6.9% |
| See More Countries | 39.5% |
Source: Comtrade, 2025. Because of rounding, the sum of the percentages may be smaller/greater than 100%.
Source: Comtrade, 2025. Because of rounding, the sum of the percentages may be smaller/greater than 100%.
To go further, check out our service Import-Export Flows.
| 6.4 bn USD of services exported in 2022 | |
| 64.25% | |
| 18.49% | |
| 12.89% | |
| Personal travelPersonal travel | 7.04% |
| OtherOther | 22.87% |
| Business travelBusiness travel | 5.85% |
| 2.11% | |
| 0.76% | |
| 0.55% | |
| 0.33% | |
| 0.33% | |
| 0.25% | |
| 0.05% | |
| 7.7 bn USD of services imported in 2022 | |
| 40.92% | |
| 24.21% | |
| 15.30% | |
| 11.54% | |
| Personal travelPersonal travel | 9.27% |
| OtherOther | 64.25% |
| Business travelBusiness travel | 2.28% |
| 2.62% | |
| 2.56% | |
| 1.25% | |
| 1.00% | |
| 0.41% | |
| 0.19% | |
Source: United Nations Statistics Division, 2025. Because of rounding, the sum of the percentages may be smaller/greater than 100%.
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Actualitzacions: November 2025