Justice is not completely independent from the executive power. Because judges are appointed by the King, courts can be subject to governmental pressure.
Equal Treatment of Nationals and Foreigners
Since Bahraincourtsrespect the principle ofparty autonomy, contracts oragreements may besubject to foreign law.Dispute resolutionis usually donebefore the courts,butalternativeforms of extrajudicial arbitration can be chosen.The interpretation andapplication ofthe law sometimesvariesaccording to the ministry,and may depend onthe sizeand connectionsof the local partnerof the investor.Foreign workers maybe discriminated againstin favor ofBahrainis.
The Language of Justice
In the courts,Classical Arabicis the official language,butthe accused, witnesses andlawyerscan speak Barhaini Arabicor Englishwhen theissue concernsforeigners.In municipalities (local courts)Arabic is always used, with the possibility to use an interpreter.InSharia courts(whichbelong to theSunni branchorJa'faribranchandhandle casesof divorce,marriage,inheritanceandchild custody), onlyArabic is used.
Recourse to an Interpreter
Possible
Sources of the Law and Legal Similarities
Bahrain has a mixed legal system influenced by the British common law, the Egyptian Civil, Penal and Commercial Codes, the Islamic law (sharia) and the custom law.
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