Bòsnia i Hercegovina: Visió econòmica i política
Bosnia and Herzegovina is open to foreign trade and is expanding its global partner network. Its trade-to-GDP ratio is 83.3% (World Bank, latest data available). Overall, trade development is still hampered by low productivity levels, limited access to finance and administrative barriers to trade. Custom duties are relatively low for most products, but various non-tariff barriers are in place. Anti-dumping and countervailing duties are sometimes imposed to protect the local industry if the price of the merchandise is below the domestic market price or if it is subsidised. Bosnia and Herzegovina seeks to attract higher foreign investment through Free Trade Zones within the country that allow investors to invest capital in specific areas, transfer their profits and re-transfer capital. Customs duties and tariffs are not payable on imports into these zones. Furthermore, equipment (except passenger vehicles, slots and gambling machines) imported as part of share capital is exempt from customs duties. The country mainly exports seats (4.8%), electrical energy (4.7%), furniture (3.4%), and wood sawn (3.1%); importing petroleum oils (5.7%), motor cars (3.6%), medicaments (3.1%), and coal (1.8% - Comtrade, 2020).
The country's main export partners in 2020 were Germany, Croatia, and Serbia, accounting for respectively 15.5%, 12.9% and 11.6% of total export; followed by Italy (9.7%) and Austria (9.5%). Its main suppliers were Germany (12.3%), Italy (11.5%) Serbia (11.3%), and Croatia (9%). Overall, the EU is the biggest trading partner.
Foreign Trade Values | 2017 | 2018 | 2019 | 2020 | 2021 |
Imports of Goods (million USD) | 10,504 | 11,630 | 11,159 | 9,873 | 13,029 |
Exports of Goods (million USD) | 6,402 | 7,182 | 6,578 | 6,152 | 8,614 |
Imports of Services (million USD) | 563 | 722 | 758 | 511 | 693 |
Exports of Services (million USD) | 1,876 | 2,281 | 2,343 | 1,306 | 2,250 |
Source: World Trade Organisation (WTO) ; Latest available data
Foreign Trade Indicators | 2017 | 2018 | 2019 | 2020 | 2021 |
Foreign Trade (in % of GDP) | 98.0 | 99.9 | 95.8 | 83.2 | 97.2 |
Trade Balance (million USD) | -4,291 | -4,536 | -4,557 | -3,660 | -4,326 |
Trade Balance (Including Service) (million USD) | -2,940 | -2,964 | -2,957 | -2,789 | -2,778 |
Imports of Goods and Services (Annual % Change) | 7.7 | 3.9 | 1.4 | -13.4 | 20.5 |
Exports of Goods and Services (Annual % Change) | 11.8 | 7.0 | 0.7 | -15.8 | 24.6 |
Imports of Goods and Services (in % of GDP) | 57.1 | 57.3 | 55.2 | 48.6 | 54.6 |
Exports of Goods and Services (in % of GDP) | 40.9 | 42.6 | 40.6 | 34.7 | 42.7 |
Source: World Bank ; Latest available data
Foreign Trade Forecasts | 2022 | 2023 (e) | 2024 (e) | 2025 (e) | 2026 (e) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Volume of exports of goods and services (Annual % change) | -15.1 | 6.6 | 10.7 | 7.4 | 6.3 |
Volume of imports of goods and services (Annual % change) | -3.7 | 4.0 | 9.4 | 6.6 | 6.4 |
Source: IMF, World Economic Outlook ; Latest available data
Note: (e) Estimated Data
Main Customers (% of Exports) |
2021 |
Germany | 15.0% |
Croatia | 13.1% |
Serbia | 12.7% |
Italy | 11.3% |
Austria | 9.0% |
Slovenia | 8.6% |
Montenegro | 2.8% |
Netherlands | 2.5% |
Türkiye | 2.5% |
Switzerland | 2.4% |
France | 2.3% |
Hungary | 1.8% |
Poland | 1.6% |
Romania | 1.5% |
Czech Republic | 1.2% |
Slovakia | 1.1% |
United States | 1.1% |
North Macedonia | 0.9% |
Sweden | 0.8% |
Russia | 0.7% |
See More Countries | 38.9% |
Main Suppliers (% of Imports) |
2021 |
Italy | 12.0% |
Germany | 11.9% |
Serbia | 11.4% |
Croatia | 8.9% |
China | 7.9% |
Türkiye | 5.9% |
Slovenia | 4.6% |
Austria | 3.8% |
Russia | 2.9% |
Poland | 2.9% |
Hungary | 2.7% |
United States | 2.5% |
France | 2.0% |
Czech Republic | 1.6% |
Netherlands | 1.3% |
Spain | 1.1% |
India | 1.1% |
Belgium | 1.0% |
Romania | 1.0% |
Slovakia | 0.9% |
See More Countries | 47.9% |
Source: Comtrade, 2022. Because of rounding, the sum of the percentages may be smaller/greater than 100%.
Source: Comtrade, 2022. Because of rounding, the sum of the percentages may be smaller/greater than 100%.
To go further, check out our service Import Export Flows.
Source: United Nations Statistics Division, 2023. Because of rounding, the sum of the percentages may be smaller/greater than 100%.
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Actualitzacions: January 2023
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