Colòmbia: Visió econòmica i política
Colombia's foreign trade represents around 40% of the country’s GDP, according to the World Bank’s latest figures. Colombia mainly exports crude petroleum oils (25.4%), coal and solid fuels (16.2%), gold (6.8%), petroleum oils (5.9%), and coffee (5.9%); whereas the country's main imports include petroleum oils (8.2%), motor cars (4.4%), telephone sets (3.7%), medicaments (3.6%), and powered aircraft (3.5% - data Comtrade 2023)
According to data from Comtrade, in 2023, the main export partners were the United States (28.4%), Panama (9.4%), China (5.0%), India (4.8%), and the Netherlands (4.1%); with imports coming chiefly from the United States (25.8%), China (21.6%), Brazil (6.4%), Mexico (4.9%), and Germany (3.7%). Colombia has signed trade agreements with the ANC countries (Andean Community of Nations), the MERCOSUR countries, the Central American and Caribbean countries and the European Union. Along with Mexico, Chile and Peru, Colombia founded the Pacific Alliance in 2012, designed to boost trade relations with Asian emerging markets. The country is also part of numerous free trade agreements with Chile, Guatemala, Honduras, El Salvador, Canada, Mexico, Switzerland, Norway, Iceland, Liechtenstein and the United States. The free-trade agreement with the United States, which came into force in May 2012, has had a particularly large impact on the Colombian economy, given that the United States is the country's biggest trade partner.
In 2023, the country’s goods exports decreased by 13% to USD 49.5 billion, with imports following a slower pace (-18.8% y-o-y) to USD 62.8 billion. As per services, exports stood at USD 15.2 billion against USD 16.6 billion in imports (data WTO). The overall trade deficit was estimated at 4.8% of the country’s GDP, from 7.6% one year earlier (World Bank). According to data from DANA, in 2024, exports totalled USD 49.5 billion FOB, down slightly by 0.44% y-o-y. Non-traditional exports increased to 47.4% of the total, up 4.5 percentage points from 2023. The share of fuel and extractive products dropped from 52.5% to 47.2%, while agriculture and food exports rose to 23.2%, and manufacturing reached 21.3%. Imports amounted to USD 64.1 billion CIF, growing by 2.1% y-o-y.
Foreign Trade Values | 2019 | 2020 | 2021 | 2022 | 2023 |
Imports of Goods (million USD) | 52,703 | 43,489 | 61,101 | 77,413 | 62,797 |
Exports of Goods (million USD) | 39,489 | 31,008 | 40,287 | 56,999 | 49,545 |
Imports of Services (million USD) | 14,952 | 10,150 | 14,190 | 18,035 | 16,569 |
Exports of Services (million USD) | 10,668 | 5,915 | 8,171 | 13,627 | 15,242 |
Source: World Trade Organisation (WTO) ; Latest available data
Foreign Trade Indicators | 2019 | 2020 | 2021 | 2022 | 2023 |
Foreign Trade (in % of GDP) | 37.6 | 34.1 | 40.1 | 48.1 | 40.5 |
Trade Balance (million USD) | -9,863 | -8,870 | -13,984 | -12,178 | -6,732 |
Trade Balance (Including Service) (million USD) | -14,148 | -13,105 | -20,001 | -16,400 | -7,956 |
Imports of Goods and Services (Annual % Change) | 7.3 | -20.1 | 26.7 | 23.6 | -15.0 |
Exports of Goods and Services (Annual % Change) | 3.1 | -22.5 | 14.6 | 12.3 | 3.4 |
Imports of Goods and Services (in % of GDP) | 21.7 | 20.5 | 23.9 | 27.8 | 22.7 |
Exports of Goods and Services (in % of GDP) | 15.9 | 13.5 | 16.2 | 20.2 | 17.8 |
Source: World Bank ; Latest available data
Foreign Trade Forecasts | 2024 | 2025 (e) | 2026 (e) | 2027 (e) | 2028 (e) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Volume of exports of goods and services (Annual % change) | -5.4 | -1.5 | 2.5 | 2.1 | 2.7 |
Volume of imports of goods and services (Annual % change) | -1.5 | 1.7 | 4.0 | 3.5 | 3.6 |
Source: IMF, World Economic Outlook ; Latest available data
Note: (e) Estimated Data
- Latin American Association of Integration - ALADI
- Andean Community - CAN -Colombia, Equator, Peru, Bolivia
- CAN - Mercosur
- Central American and the Caribbeans
- FTA - Free Trade Agreement Colombia and Chile
- FTA Colombia, El Salvador, Guatemala and Honduras
- FTA Colombia, Peru and Canada
- FTA G2- Group of Two - Colombia and Mexico
- FTA Colombia and Peru - EFTA
- FTA Colombia and United States
- Trade Union CAN - UE
Colombia is part of the Pacific Alliance.
For more information consult this link.
Main Customers (% of Exports) |
2023 |
United States | 28.4% |
Panama | 9.4% |
China | 5.0% |
India | 4.8% |
Netherlands | 4.1% |
See More Countries | 48.4% |
Main Suppliers (% of Imports) |
2023 |
United States | 25.8% |
China | 21.6% |
Brazil | 6.4% |
Mexico | 4.9% |
Germany | 3.7% |
See More Countries | 37.5% |
Source: Comtrade, 2025. Because of rounding, the sum of the percentages may be smaller/greater than 100%.
Source: Comtrade, 2025. Because of rounding, the sum of the percentages may be smaller/greater than 100%.
To go further, check out our service Import-Export Flows.
Source: United Nations Statistics Division, 2024. Because of rounding, the sum of the percentages may be smaller/greater than 100%.
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Actualitzacions: May 2025