Colòmbia: Visió econòmica i política
Colombia's foreign trade represented 40.9% of the country’s GDP in 2021, according to the World Bank. Colombia mainly exports petroleum oils (32.3%), coal (10.6%), coffee (7.7%), gold (7.6%), and cut flowers (4.2%). The country's main imports include petroleum oils (5.8%), telephone sets (4.5%), motor vehicles (3.8%), medicaments (3%), and human and animal blood prepared for therapeutic uses (3%).
Colombia's main trade partners are the United States, China, Brazil, Mexico, Panama, India, and Germany. Colombia has signed trade agreements with the ANC countries (Andean Community of Nations), the MERCOSUR countries, the Central American and Caribbean countries and the European Union. Along with Mexico, Chile and Peru, Colombia founded the Pacific Alliance in 2012, designed to boost trade relations with Asian emerging markets. The country is also part of numerous free trade agreements with Chile, Guatemala, Honduras, El Salvador, Canada, Mexico, Switzerland, Norway, Iceland, Liechtenstein and the United States. The free-trade agreement with the United States, which came into force in May 2012, has had a particularly large impact in the Colombian economy, given that the United States is the country's biggest trade partner.
In 2021, Colombian exports bounced back to pre-pandemic levels, as global demand increased. As such, the country’s exports increased from USD 31.4 billion in 2020 to USD 40.2 billion in 2021. Over the same period, imports of goods increased from USD 43.4 billion to USD 61.1 billion. As a result, Colombia's trade deficit reached USD 13.9 billion in 2021. According to WTO, imports of services in 2021 amounted to USD 13.1 billion, far greater than exports of services, which totalled USD 6.7 billion in 2021. Thus, the overall trade deficit in 2021 reached USD 20 billion.
Foreign Trade Values | 2017 | 2018 | 2019 | 2020 | 2021 |
Imports of Goods (million USD) | 46,076 | 51,233 | 52,703 | 43,489 | 61,101 |
Exports of Goods (million USD) | 36,897 | 41,774 | 39,489 | 31,008 | 40,287 |
Imports of Services (million USD) | 12,296 | 13,373 | 13,766 | 9,092 | 13,173 |
Exports of Services (million USD) | 8,171 | 9,479 | 9,794 | 4,896 | 6,776 |
Source: World Trade Organisation (WTO) ; Latest available data
Foreign Trade Indicators | 2017 | 2018 | 2019 | 2020 | 2021 |
Foreign Trade (in % of GDP) | 35.3 | 36.5 | 37.6 | 33.9 | 40.9 |
Trade Balance (million USD) | -4,285 | -6,394 | -9,863 | -8,870 | -13,984 |
Trade Balance (Including Service) (million USD) | -8,762 | -10,556 | -14,146 | -13,089 | -20,047 |
Imports of Goods and Services (Annual % Change) | 1.0 | 5.8 | 7.3 | -20.5 | 28.7 |
Exports of Goods and Services (Annual % Change) | 2.6 | 0.6 | 3.1 | -22.7 | 14.8 |
Imports of Goods and Services (in % of GDP) | 20.1 | 20.6 | 21.7 | 20.4 | 24.4 |
Exports of Goods and Services (in % of GDP) | 15.1 | 15.9 | 15.9 | 13.5 | 16.4 |
Source: World Bank ; Latest available data
Foreign Trade Forecasts | 2022 | 2023 (e) | 2024 (e) | 2025 (e) | 2026 (e) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Volume of exports of goods and services (Annual % change) | 14.9 | 1.3 | 1.4 | 1.9 | 2.3 |
Volume of imports of goods and services (Annual % change) | 23.9 | -9.0 | -2.3 | -0.9 | 0.3 |
Source: IMF, World Economic Outlook ; Latest available data
Note: (e) Estimated Data
- Latin American Association of Integration - ALADI
- Andean Community - CAN -Colombia, Equator, Peru, Bolivia
- CAN - Mercosur
- Central American and the Caribbeans
- FTA - Free Trade Agreement Colombia and Chile
- FTA Colombia, El Salvador, Guatemala and Honduras
- FTA Colombia, Peru and Canada
- FTA G2- Group of Two - Colombia and Mexico
- FTA Colombia and Peru - EFTA
- FTA Colombia and United States
- Trade Union CAN - UE
Colombia is part of the Pacific Alliance.
For more information consult this link.
Main Customers (% of Exports) |
2021 |
United States | 28.1% |
China | 8.8% |
Panama | 5.8% |
India | 5.4% |
Brazil | 5.0% |
Ecuador | 4.2% |
Türkiye | 3.1% |
Mexico | 2.9% |
Chile | 2.6% |
Peru | 2.6% |
Netherlands | 2.4% |
Italy | 2.1% |
Germany | 1.7% |
Spain | 1.7% |
Canada | 1.7% |
South Korea | 1.4% |
Belgium | 1.4% |
Japan | 1.1% |
United Kingdom | 1.1% |
Dominican Republic | 1.1% |
See More Countries | 46.9% |
Main Suppliers (% of Imports) |
2021 |
China | 24.2% |
United States | 23.2% |
Mexico | 6.2% |
Brazil | 5.7% |
Germany | 3.4% |
France | 2.4% |
India | 2.3% |
Argentina | 2.1% |
Spain | 2.1% |
Japan | 2.1% |
Canada | 1.6% |
South Korea | 1.6% |
Vietnam | 1.5% |
Italy | 1.5% |
Peru | 1.4% |
Ecuador | 1.4% |
Chile | 1.2% |
Russia | 0.9% |
Bolivia | 0.9% |
United Kingdom | 0.8% |
See More Countries | 37.2% |
Source: Comtrade, 2022. Because of rounding, the sum of the percentages may be smaller/greater than 100%.
Source: Comtrade, 2022. Because of rounding, the sum of the percentages may be smaller/greater than 100%.
To go further, check out our service Import Export Flows.
9.9 bn USD of services exported in 2019 | |
56.86% | |
Personal travelPersonal travel | 56.86% |
19.81% | |
14.93% | |
3.53% | |
1.84% | |
1.05% | |
0.94% | |
0.91% | |
0.14% |
13.8 bn USD of services imported in 2019 | |
36.03% | |
Personal travelPersonal travel | 36.03% |
23.16% | |
10.04% | |
9.54% | |
7.61% | |
6.89% | |
5.24% | |
0.82% | |
0.68% | |
n/a% |
Source: United Nations Statistics Division, 2023. Because of rounding, the sum of the percentages may be smaller/greater than 100%.
Vols fer algun comentari sobre aquest contingut? Escriu-nos.
© eexpand, Tots els drets reservats.
Actualitzacions: June 2023
Utilitzem cookies per assegurar la teva connexió i fer estadístiques sobre el nombre de visites. Per obtenir més informació sobre les cookies i saber com rebutjar-les, visita la nostra pàgina de política de cookies .
Aquesta finestra emergent et permet definir la teva preferència de cookies i decidir quin tipus de cookies vols permetre al teu dispositiu.