Congo flag Congo: Visió econòmica i política

El marc polític del Congo

Political Outline

Current Political Leaders
President: Denis SASSOU-Nguesso (since 1997)
Prime Minister: Anatole Collinet MAKOSSO (since 12 May 2021)
Next Election Dates
Presidential: 21 March 2026
Senate: August 2029
National Assembly: July 2026
Main Political Parties
Although the Republic of the Congo is officially a multi-party state, the Congolese Labour Party (PCT) maintains a dominant position. In the 2022 legislative elections, the PCT secured 112 out of 151 seats in the National Assembly, while its allies won an additional 12 seats. Opposition parties, such as the Pan-African Union for Social Democracy (UPADS) and the Union of Humanist Democrats–YUKI (UDH-YUKI), each secured 7 seats.

The Alliance of the Presidential Majority (AMP) is a coalition that primarily supports the PCT and President Denis Sassou Nguesso.
The Action Movement for Renewal (MAR) and the Citizen's Rally (RC) have historically aligned with the ruling party.
The Congolese Movement for Democracy and Integral Development (MCDDI), founded by Bernard Kolélas, has also been a significant political force, previously cooperating with the PCT.
The Movement for Unity, Solidarity, and Work (MUST) has limited publicly available information about its recent activities.

UPADS, established by former President Pascal Lissouba, remains a notable opposition party.
The Party for the Unity and the Republic (PUR), also known as Club 2002-PUR, has shown support for President Sassou Nguesso in past elections.
The Patriotic Union for Democracy and Progress (UPDP), led by Auguste-Célestin Gongarad Nkoua, has participated in various electoral processes.
The Perspectives and Realities Club (CPR) has scarce available details on its recent political engagement.

The Rally for Democracy and Social Progress (RDPS) has been active in Congolese politics, though recent developments are unclear.
The Republican and Liberal Party (PRL) has little publicly available information about its status.
The Union of Democratic Forces (UDF) has historically aligned with the PCT.
The Union for Democracy and Republic (UDR) and the Union for the Republic (UR) have limited recent public records.

While the Republic of the Congo is formally a multi-party country, the political environment is heavily influenced by the PCT, and opposition parties face significant challenges in gaining power. The political landscape remains dynamic, with party alliances and statuses evolving over time.

Executive Power
According to the 2015 Constitution of the Republic of the Congo, the President of the Republic is the chief executive and head of state. The President is elected by universal suffrage for a five-year term, renewable up to three times. Following the approval of a new Constitution after a referendum in 2015, the Republic of the Congo became a semi-presidential republic with the reintroduction of the post of Prime Minister. The Prime Minister is appointed by the President and is responsible for determining the nation's economic and social policies in concert with the President.
Legislative Power

In the Republic of the Congo, legislative power is vested in a bicameral Parliament composed of:

  • National Assembly (Assemblée Nationale): Consisting of 151 members elected for five-year terms in single-seat constituencies
  • Senate (Sénat): Comprising 72 members elected for six-year terms by district, local, and regional councils.

The executive branch plays a significant role in the legislative process. The Cabinet deliberates on bills, draft ordinances, and draft decrees, while the President, alongside members of Parliament, has the authority to initiate legislation.

 

Indicator of Freedom of the Press

Definition:

The world rankings, published annually, measures violations of press freedom worldwide. It reflects the degree of freedom enjoyed by journalists, the media and digital citizens of each country and the means used by states to respect and uphold this freedom. Finally, a note and a position are assigned to each country. To compile this index, Reporters Without Borders (RWB) prepared a questionnaire incorporating the main criteria (44 in total) to assess the situation of press freedom in a given country. This questionnaire was sent to partner organisations,150 RWB correspondents, journalists, researchers, jurists and human rights activists. It includes every kind of direct attacks against journalists and digital citizens (murders, imprisonment, assault, threats, etc.) or against the media (censorship, confiscation, searches and harassment etc.).

World Rank:
118/180
 

Indicator of Political Freedom

Definition:

The Indicator of Political Freedom provides an annual evaluation of the state of freedom in a country as experienced by individuals. The survey measures freedom according to two broad categories: political rights and civil liberties. The ratings process is based on a checklist of 10 political rights questions (on Electoral Process, Political Pluralism and Participation, Functioning of Government) and 15 civil liberties questions (on Freedom of Expression, Belief, Associational and Organizational Rights, Rule of Law, Personal Autonomy and Individual Rights). Scores are awarded to each of these questions on a scale of 0 to 4, where a score of 0 represents the smallest degree and 4 the greatest degree of rights or liberties present. The total score awarded to the political rights and civil liberties checklist determines the political rights and civil liberties rating. Each rating of 1 through 7, with 1 representing the highest and 7 the lowest level of freedom, corresponds to a range of total scores.

Ranking:
Not Free

Political freedom in the world (interactive map)
Source: Freedom in the World Report, Freedom House

 

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Actualitzacions: May 2025

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