Croàcia: Visió econòmica i política
Croatia joined the WTO in 2000 and depends heavily on foreign trade, which amounts to 125% of the GDP (World Bank, latest data available). The country mainly exports petroleum oils (6.3%), electrical energy (5.8%), petroleum gas and other gaseous hydrocarbons (5.6%), medicaments (2.7%), wood sawn or chipped lengthwise (2.3%); while imports are driven by petroleum gas and other gaseous hydrocarbons (9.4%), petroleum oils (non-crude) (6.9%), electrical energy (5.1%), motor cars and other motor vehicles (3.4%), petroleum oils and oils (crude) (2.9% - data Comtrade 2022).
In 2022, the main export partners were Italy (12.2%), Slovenia (11.6%), Germany (11.4%), Hungary (11.2%), and Bosnia and Herzegovina (10.4%). In the same period, the leading import origins were Italy (13.8%), Germany (12.5%), Slovenia (10.8%), the United States (7.6%), and Hungary (7.3% - Comtrade). Overall, the EU accounted for 68.7% of total exports and 70.4% for imports (DZS).
In terms of merchandise, Croatia has a structural trade deficit: according to figures by the WTO, in 2022 exports of goods totaled USD 25.3 billion (+15.6% y-o-y) while imports increased by 28.3%, to USD 44.3 billion. However, the country is a net exporter of services, with exports – at USD 20.9 billion – far above imports (USD 6 billion). According to figures by the World Bank, the overall trade deficit stood at an estimated 6.2% of GDP in 2022, much higher than the level of 2.7% recorded one year earlier. Preliminary figures from the Croatian Bureau of Statistics show that in 2023 exports declined by 5.3% year-on-year to EUR 22.834 billion, while imports saw a 6% decrease to EUR 39.373 billion.
Foreign Trade Values | 2018 | 2019 | 2020 | 2021 | 2022 |
Imports of Goods (million USD) | 28,203 | 28,160 | 26,830 | 34,527 | 44,301 |
Exports of Goods (million USD) | 17,402 | 17,180 | 17,193 | 21,878 | 25,306 |
Imports of Services (million USD) | 5,485 | 5,691 | 4,131 | 5,309 | 5,994 |
Exports of Services (million USD) | 16,359 | 17,177 | 10,180 | 16,879 | 20,925 |
Source: World Trade Organisation (WTO) ; Latest available data
Foreign Trade Indicators | 2018 | 2019 | 2020 | 2021 | 2022 |
Foreign Trade (in % of GDP) | 99.7 | 101.6 | 90.0 | 104.0 | 125.9 |
Trade Balance (million USD) | -11,440 | -11,754 | -10,083 | -12,602 | -18,906 |
Trade Balance (Including Service) (million USD) | -648 | -289 | -3,948 | -1,023 | -4,355 |
Imports of Goods and Services (Annual % Change) | 7.5 | 6.6 | -12.4 | 17.6 | 25.0 |
Exports of Goods and Services (Annual % Change) | 3.7 | 6.8 | -23.3 | 36.4 | 25.4 |
Imports of Goods and Services (in % of GDP) | 50.3 | 51.0 | 48.5 | 52.7 | 65.3 |
Exports of Goods and Services (in % of GDP) | 49.4 | 50.6 | 41.5 | 51.3 | 60.6 |
Source: World Bank ; Latest available data
Foreign Trade Forecasts | 2023 | 2024 (e) | 2025 (e) | 2026 (e) | 2027 (e) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Volume of exports of goods and services (Annual % change) | -3.3 | 2.9 | 3.0 | 2.7 | 2.4 |
Volume of imports of goods and services (Annual % change) | -1.0 | 3.3 | 2.4 | 1.5 | 1.5 |
Source: IMF, World Economic Outlook ; Latest available data
Note: (e) Estimated Data
Main Customers (% of Exports) |
2022 |
Italy | 12.2% |
Slovenia | 11.6% |
Germany | 11.4% |
Hungary | 11.2% |
Bosnia and Herzegovina | 10.4% |
Serbia | 6.2% |
Austria | 5.3% |
France | 2.4% |
United States | 2.3% |
Poland | 2.1% |
Spain | 1.7% |
Romania | 1.5% |
Türkiye | 1.5% |
Netherlands | 1.5% |
Czech Republic | 1.4% |
Montenegro | 1.3% |
Switzerland | 1.3% |
Slovakia | 1.0% |
United Kingdom | 1.0% |
Belgium | 1.0% |
See More Countries | 43.2% |
Main Suppliers (% of Imports) |
2022 |
Italy | 13.8% |
Germany | 12.5% |
Slovenia | 10.8% |
United States | 7.6% |
Hungary | 7.3% |
Austria | 5.2% |
Serbia | 3.5% |
Poland | 3.5% |
Bosnia and Herzegovina | 3.4% |
Netherlands | 3.3% |
China | 3.3% |
Azerbaijan | 2.8% |
France | 2.1% |
Slovakia | 2.0% |
Czech Republic | 1.9% |
Spain | 1.7% |
Belgium | 1.7% |
Türkiye | 1.5% |
Russia | 1.1% |
Romania | 1.1% |
See More Countries | 48.0% |
Source: Comtrade, 2023. Because of rounding, the sum of the percentages may be smaller/greater than 100%.
Source: Comtrade, 2023. Because of rounding, the sum of the percentages may be smaller/greater than 100%.
To go further, check out our service Import Export Flows.
20.1 bn USD of services exported in 2022 | |
68.83% | |
10.95% | |
Miscellaneous business,...Miscellaneous business, professional, and technical services | 9.81% |
Research and developmentResearch and development | 1.13% |
7.65% | |
7.63% | |
2.03% | |
1.11% | |
0.99% | |
0.62% | |
0.19% |
5.8 bn USD of services imported in 2022 | |
28.11% | |
Miscellaneous business,...Miscellaneous business, professional, and technical services | 27.16% |
Research and developmentResearch and development | 0.96% |
25.20% | |
18.56% | |
11.65% | |
6.71% | |
2.96% | |
2.15% | |
2.09% | |
1.85% | |
0.71% |
Source: United Nations Statistics Division, 2023. Because of rounding, the sum of the percentages may be smaller/greater than 100%.
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Actualitzacions: March 2024
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