Croàcia: Visió econòmica i política
Croatia, which joined the WTO in 2000, depends heavily on foreign trade, which amounts to 90.6% of the GDP (World Bank, latest data available). The country mainly exports petroleum oils, medicaments, human and animal blood, and electrical transformers; while imports are driven by motor cars, medicaments, blood, petroleum oils and crude oil, and telephones.
In 2020, the EU accounted for 69.7% of Croatian exports (mainly towards Germany, Italy, and Slovenia), followed by Bosnia and Herzegovina (8.6%) and Hungary (7.2%). The leading import origins were the EU (81.2%, reflecting the structure of exports’ destinations), China (4.6%), and Bosnia and Herzegovina (2.9% - data Comtrade and Croatian Bureau of Statistics).
In terms of merchandise, Croatia has a structural trade deficit: according to figures by WTO, in 2020 exports of goods totalled USD 17.1 billion (stable y-o-y) while imports decreased by %5.1, at USD 26.7 billion. However, the country is a net exporter of services, with exports – at USD 9.7 billion – far above imports (USD 3.9 billion). According to figures by the World Bank, the overall trade deficit stood at an estimated 6.7% of GDP in 2020, much higher than the level of 0.3% recorded one year earlier (mostly due to a sharp contraction in services’ exports, at -43.4%). Preliminary figures from the Croatian Bureau of Statistics show that in the first ten months of 2021, total exports of the Republic of Croatia amounted to HRK 114.5 billion ( 25.4% higher than in the same period of 2020). In the same period, total imports reached HRK 174.0 billion (+21.9% y-o-y).
Foreign Trade Values | 2017 | 2018 | 2019 | 2020 | 2021 |
Imports of Goods (million USD) | 24,829 | 28,203 | 28,160 | 26,719 | 34,588 |
Exports of Goods (million USD) | 16,069 | 17,402 | 17,180 | 17,167 | 22,812 |
Imports of Services (million USD) | 4,574 | 5,430 | 5,573 | 3,932 | 5,163 |
Exports of Services (million USD) | 15,054 | 16,354 | 17,162 | 9,714 | 16,770 |
Source: World Trade Organisation (WTO) ; Latest available data
Foreign Trade Indicators | 2017 | 2018 | 2019 | 2020 | 2021 |
Foreign Trade (in % of GDP) | 97.6 | 99.7 | 101.6 | 90.0 | 104.0 |
Trade Balance (million USD) | -9,538 | -11,440 | -11,754 | -10,083 | -12,602 |
Trade Balance (Including Service) (million USD) | 584 | -648 | -289 | -3,948 | -1,023 |
Imports of Goods and Services (Annual % Change) | 8.4 | 7.5 | 6.6 | -12.4 | 17.6 |
Exports of Goods and Services (Annual % Change) | 6.9 | 3.7 | 6.8 | -23.3 | 36.4 |
Imports of Goods and Services (in % of GDP) | 48.5 | 50.3 | 51.0 | 48.5 | 52.7 |
Exports of Goods and Services (in % of GDP) | 49.1 | 49.4 | 50.6 | 41.5 | 51.3 |
Source: World Bank ; Latest available data
Foreign Trade Forecasts | 2022 | 2023 (e) | 2024 (e) | 2025 (e) | 2026 (e) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Volume of exports of goods and services (Annual % change) | 11.3 | 6.6 | 5.0 | 4.5 | 3.9 |
Volume of imports of goods and services (Annual % change) | 8.3 | 6.0 | 4.5 | 2.8 | 2.3 |
Source: IMF, World Economic Outlook ; Latest available data
Note: (e) Estimated Data
Main Customers (% of Exports) |
2021 |
Slovenia | 12.7% |
Italy | 12.5% |
Germany | 11.8% |
Hungary | 9.1% |
Bosnia and Herzegovina | 8.5% |
Austria | 5.6% |
Serbia | 5.3% |
United States | 3.1% |
France | 2.6% |
Poland | 2.0% |
Romania | 1.7% |
Netherlands | 1.6% |
Czech Republic | 1.5% |
Spain | 1.5% |
Türkiye | 1.4% |
Switzerland | 1.4% |
Belgium | 1.3% |
Montenegro | 1.2% |
United Kingdom | 1.1% |
Russia | 1.1% |
See More Countries | 45.4% |
Main Suppliers (% of Imports) |
2021 |
Germany | 14.8% |
Italy | 12.6% |
Slovenia | 11.0% |
Hungary | 7.3% |
Austria | 6.4% |
Poland | 4.1% |
Netherlands | 3.8% |
China | 3.6% |
Bosnia and Herzegovina | 3.5% |
Serbia | 2.8% |
France | 2.5% |
Czech Republic | 2.3% |
Azerbaijan | 2.2% |
Slovakia | 2.2% |
Spain | 2.0% |
United States | 2.0% |
Belgium | 2.0% |
Russia | 1.6% |
Türkiye | 1.6% |
Bulgaria | 1.1% |
See More Countries | 47.9% |
Source: Comtrade, 2022. Because of rounding, the sum of the percentages may be smaller/greater than 100%.
Source: Comtrade, 2022. Because of rounding, the sum of the percentages may be smaller/greater than 100%.
To go further, check out our service Import Export Flows.
Source: United Nations Statistics Division, 2023. Because of rounding, the sum of the percentages may be smaller/greater than 100%.
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Actualitzacions: January 2023
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