Croàcia: Visió econòmica i política
Croatia joined the WTO in 2000 and depends heavily on foreign trade, which amounts to 125% of the GDP (World Bank, latest data available). The country mainly exports petroleum oils (6.3%), electrical energy (5.8%), petroleum gas and other gaseous hydrocarbons (5.6%), medicaments (2.7%), wood sawn or chipped lengthwise (2.3%); while imports are driven by petroleum gas and other gaseous hydrocarbons (9.4%), petroleum oils (non-crude) (6.9%), electrical energy (5.1%), motor cars and other motor vehicles (3.4%), petroleum oils and oils (crude) (2.9% - data Comtrade 2022).
In 2022, the main export partners were Italy (12.2%), Slovenia (11.6%), Germany (11.4%), Hungary (11.2%), and Bosnia and Herzegovina (10.4%). In the same period, the leading import origins were Italy (13.8%), Germany (12.5%), Slovenia (10.8%), the United States (7.6%), and Hungary (7.3% - Comtrade). Overall, the EU accounted for 68.7% of total exports and 70.4% for imports (DZS).
In terms of merchandise, Croatia has a structural trade deficit: according to figures by the WTO, in 2022 exports of goods totaled USD 25.3 billion (+15.6% y-o-y) while imports increased by 28.3%, to USD 44.3 billion. However, the country is a net exporter of services, with exports – at USD 20.9 billion – far above imports (USD 6 billion). According to figures by the World Bank, the overall trade deficit stood at an estimated 6.2% of GDP in 2022, much higher than the level of 2.7% recorded one year earlier. Preliminary figures from the Croatian Bureau of Statistics show that in 2023 exports declined by 5.3% year-on-year to EUR 22.834 billion, while imports saw a 6% decrease to EUR 39.373 billion.
Foreign Trade Values | 2019 | 2020 | 2021 | 2022 | 2023 |
Imports of Goods (million USD) | 28,160 | 26,830 | 34,527 | 44,623 | 43,181 |
Exports of Goods (million USD) | 17,180 | 17,193 | 21,878 | 25,467 | 24,894 |
Imports of Services (million USD) | 5,691 | 4,140 | 5,301 | 6,050 | 7,265 |
Exports of Services (million USD) | 17,177 | 10,285 | 16,885 | 20,341 | 24,292 |
Source: World Trade Organisation (WTO) ; Latest available data
Foreign Trade Indicators | 2018 | 2019 | 2020 | 2021 | 2022 |
Foreign Trade (in % of GDP) | 99.7 | 101.6 | 90.0 | 104.0 | 125.9 |
Trade Balance (million USD) | -11,440 | -11,754 | -10,083 | -12,602 | -18,906 |
Trade Balance (Including Service) (million USD) | -648 | -289 | -3,948 | -1,023 | -4,355 |
Imports of Goods and Services (Annual % Change) | 7.5 | 6.6 | -12.4 | 17.6 | 25.0 |
Exports of Goods and Services (Annual % Change) | 3.7 | 6.8 | -23.3 | 36.4 | 25.4 |
Imports of Goods and Services (in % of GDP) | 50.3 | 51.0 | 48.5 | 52.7 | 65.3 |
Exports of Goods and Services (in % of GDP) | 49.4 | 50.6 | 41.5 | 51.3 | 60.6 |
Source: World Bank ; Latest available data
Foreign Trade Forecasts | 2024 | 2025 (e) | 2026 (e) | 2027 (e) | 2028 (e) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Volume of exports of goods and services (Annual % change) | 1.5 | 2.8 | 2.8 | 2.8 | 2.8 |
Volume of imports of goods and services (Annual % change) | 1.9 | 2.6 | 2.6 | 2.8 | 2.8 |
Source: IMF, World Economic Outlook ; Latest available data
Note: (e) Estimated Data
Main Customers (% of Exports) |
2023 |
Italy | 12.2% |
Germany | 12.2% |
Slovenia | 11.2% |
Bosnia and Herzegovina | 10.1% |
Hungary | 6.9% |
Serbia | 6.3% |
Austria | 5.6% |
United States | 2.6% |
France | 2.5% |
Poland | 2.5% |
Spain | 1.8% |
Czech Republic | 1.7% |
Netherlands | 1.6% |
Romania | 1.5% |
Montenegro | 1.5% |
Switzerland | 1.4% |
Türkiye | 1.3% |
Malta | 1.3% |
Slovakia | 1.1% |
Belgium | 1.1% |
See More Countries | 47.4% |
Main Suppliers (% of Imports) |
2023 |
Italy | 14.5% |
Germany | 14.2% |
Slovenia | 11.5% |
Hungary | 6.4% |
Austria | 5.5% |
Poland | 4.0% |
Netherlands | 4.0% |
Bosnia and Herzegovina | 3.3% |
China | 3.2% |
Serbia | 2.7% |
United States | 2.7% |
France | 2.7% |
Spain | 2.4% |
Czech Republic | 2.3% |
Slovakia | 2.0% |
Azerbaijan | 1.8% |
Belgium | 1.8% |
Türkiye | 1.7% |
Oman | 1.3% |
Romania | 1.3% |
See More Countries | 47.8% |
Source: Comtrade, 2024. Because of rounding, the sum of the percentages may be smaller/greater than 100%.
Source: Comtrade, 2024. Because of rounding, the sum of the percentages may be smaller/greater than 100%.
To go further, check out our service Import-Export Flows.
23.0 bn USD of services exported in 2023 | |
68.76% | |
11.08% | |
Miscellaneous business,...Miscellaneous business, professional, and technical services | 9.90% |
Research and developmentResearch and development | 1.18% |
7.99% | |
7.38% | |
2.18% | |
1.15% | |
0.65% | |
0.59% | |
0.22% |
7.0 bn USD of services imported in 2023 | |
29.39% | |
Miscellaneous business,...Miscellaneous business, professional, and technical services | 28.56% |
Research and developmentResearch and development | 0.82% |
27.38% | |
15.75% | |
10.67% | |
6.78% | |
3.68% | |
2.21% | |
1.78% | |
1.67% | |
0.68% |
Source: United Nations Statistics Division, 2024. Because of rounding, the sum of the percentages may be smaller/greater than 100%.
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Actualitzacions: November 2024
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