Dinamarca: Visió econòmica i política
Denmark has historically been renowned as a nation of traders, with an economy extremely open to foreign trade: in 2020, trade represented 103% of the country’s GDP (World Bank – latest data available). Denmark mainly exports pharmaceutical products, meat, and electric generating sets and rotary converters (wind turbines, of which Denmark is the leading manufacturer worldwide). Its main imports are motor vehicles, pharmaceuticals, automatic data processing machines, telephones, and petroleum oils. The country is the world’s fifth-largest shipping operator and transportation was the main imported and exported service in 2020.
According to data by Comtrade, in 2020 Denmark’sa main trading partners were Germany (12.6%), Sweden (8.7%), the Netherlands (5.8%), Norway (5.7%), the United Kingdom and the US (both at 5.6%). The country’s imports principal origins were Germany (21.9%), Sweden (12.6%), the Netherlands (8.5%), China (7.8%) and Poland (4.5%). Considered as a whole, the European Union was Denmark’s main importing and exporting partner.
Denmark has a structural trade balance surplus (2009 being the last time the country had a negative balance). In 2020, Denmark exported goods worth USD 108.2 billion and USD 74.4 billion of services (-2.3% and -10.5%, respectively), while imports remained stable at USD 97.5 billion for goods and decreased to USD 69,4 billion for services (-8.5% y-o-y – data WTO). According to data by the World Bank, in 2020 the overall trade surplus for goods and services stood at around 6.5% of GDP. Figures from Statistics Denmark show that in the first three quarters of 2021 imports grew 4.2% y-o-y, with exports growing at a faster pace (+6.9%).
Foreign Trade Values | 2017 | 2018 | 2019 | 2020 | 2021 |
Imports of Goods (million USD) | 93,314 | 102,605 | 97,824 | 97,561 | 120,307 |
Exports of Goods (million USD) | 102,559 | 109,711 | 110,779 | 108,274 | 125,945 |
Imports of Services (million USD) | 61,924 | 72,879 | 75,866 | 69,424 | 81,723 |
Exports of Services (million USD) | 66,474 | 81,129 | 83,168 | 74,440 | 93,382 |
Source: World Trade Organisation (WTO) ; Latest available data
Foreign Trade Indicators | 2017 | 2018 | 2019 | 2020 | 2021 |
Foreign Trade (in % of GDP) | 103.0 | 107.0 | 110.2 | 103.5 | 112.2 |
Trade Balance (million USD) | 15,010 | 12,829 | 18,440 | 18,683 | 14,704 |
Trade Balance (Including Service) (million USD) | 23,879 | 21,806 | 25,663 | 22,861 | 26,142 |
Imports of Goods and Services (Annual % Change) | 4.2 | 5.1 | 3.0 | -3.6 | 8.0 |
Exports of Goods and Services (Annual % Change) | 4.8 | 3.4 | 4.5 | -6.3 | 8.0 |
Imports of Goods and Services (in % of GDP) | 47.9 | 50.4 | 51.6 | 48.6 | 52.5 |
Exports of Goods and Services (in % of GDP) | 55.1 | 56.6 | 58.6 | 54.9 | 59.7 |
Source: World Bank ; Latest available data
Foreign Trade Forecasts | 2022 | 2023 (e) | 2024 (e) | 2025 (e) | 2026 (e) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Volume of exports of goods and services (Annual % change) | 2.4 | 0.3 | 2.7 | 2.6 | 2.6 |
Volume of imports of goods and services (Annual % change) | 2.1 | 1.2 | 2.8 | 2.7 | 2.5 |
Source: IMF, World Economic Outlook ; Latest available data
Note: (e) Estimated Data
Main Customers (% of Exports) |
2021 |
Germany | 12.9% |
Sweden | 9.3% |
Norway | 5.7% |
United Kingdom | 5.0% |
United States | 4.7% |
Netherlands | 4.7% |
China | 3.5% |
Poland | 3.4% |
France | 3.0% |
Italy | 2.2% |
Finland | 1.9% |
Spain | 1.6% |
Belgium | 1.6% |
Japan | 1.2% |
Türkiye | 0.9% |
Switzerland | 0.9% |
Singapore | 0.8% |
Australia | 0.8% |
Russia | 0.8% |
South Korea | 0.7% |
See More Countries | 62.3% |
Main Suppliers (% of Imports) |
2021 |
Germany | 20.6% |
Sweden | 12.6% |
Netherlands | 8.2% |
China | 8.0% |
Poland | 4.4% |
Norway | 3.8% |
United States | 3.6% |
Italy | 3.4% |
Belgium | 3.2% |
France | 3.0% |
United Kingdom | 2.2% |
Russia | 1.8% |
Spain | 1.8% |
Czech Republic | 1.6% |
Finland | 1.3% |
Türkiye | 1.1% |
Austria | 0.9% |
India | 0.8% |
Bangladesh | 0.8% |
Lithuania | 0.8% |
See More Countries | 46.1% |
Source: Comtrade, 2022. Because of rounding, the sum of the percentages may be smaller/greater than 100%.
Source: Comtrade, 2022. Because of rounding, the sum of the percentages may be smaller/greater than 100%.
To go further, check out our service Import Export Flows.
Source: United Nations Statistics Division, 2023. Because of rounding, the sum of the percentages may be smaller/greater than 100%.
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Actualitzacions: January 2023
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