El marc polític d'Egipte

Political Outline

Current Political Leaders

President: Abdel fattah El-Sisi (since June 2014 ; re-elected for a third term in December 2023)
Prime Minister: Mostafa Madbouli (since June 2018)

Next Election Dates

Presidential: 2029

Main Political Parties

Out of more than 100 parties, only about 20 are under the dome of Parliament, 5 have parliamentary bodies with more than 10 deputies within the House. These parties are:

Mostakbal Watan (Nation's Future Party): nationalist, populist
Al Shaab Al-Gomhouri (Republican People’s Party): nationalist
New Wafd Party: liberalism, conservatism
Homat El-Watan (Homeland’s Defenders Party): centrist
Modern Egypt: centre-right, liberalism
Reform and Development Party: liberalism, centrist, it is the main opposition party
Egyptian Social Democratic Party: social democratic

Other parties include

Freedom Party
Conference Party
Al-Nour Party
National Progressive Unionist Party (Tagammu)
Justice Party
Eradet Geel Party.

Executive Power

The President is the Head of State and the Supreme Commander of the armed forces. He is elected for a six-year term of office. The President is the head of the executive branch and appoints the Prime Minister, who must be approved by a confidence vote in the Parliament. The President also appoints the head of the Council of Ministers. Cabinet ministers are nominated by the executive branch and approved by the House of Representatives. Furthermore, the President can dissolve the Assembly and rule by decree.
In 2019 the Parliament voted to remove the limit of two terms for the President, whose term has been extended from four to six years.

Legislative Power

The legislative power is bicameral since the constitutional referendum of 2019 was approved by the House of Representatives in June 2020. It established an upper chamber called the Senate, composed of 300 seats (100 members directly elected in single seat constituencies, 100 directly elected by closed party-list vote, and 100 appointed by the president). The House of Representatives is composed of 596 members, of which 568 directly elected for a period of 5 years by universal suffrage and 28 appointed. The President may dissolve the House of Representatives.

Indicator of Freedom of the Press

Definition

Definition:

The world rankings, published annually, measures violations of press freedom worldwide. It reflects the degree of freedom enjoyed by journalists, the media and digital citizens of each country and the means used by states to respect and uphold this freedom. Finally, a note and a position are assigned to each country. To compile this index, Reporters Without Borders (RWB) prepared a questionnaire incorporating the main criteria (44 in total) to assess the situation of press freedom in a given country. This questionnaire was sent to partner organisations,150 RWB correspondents, journalists, researchers, jurists and human rights activists. It includes every kind of direct attacks against journalists and digital citizens (murders, imprisonment, assault, threats, etc.) or against the media (censorship, confiscation, searches and harassment etc.).

World Rank:: 166/180

Indicator of Political Freedom

Definition

Definition:

The Indicator of Political Freedom provides an annual evaluation of the state of freedom in a country as experienced by individuals. The survey measures freedom according to two broad categories: political rights and civil liberties. The ratings process is based on a checklist of 10 political rights questions (on Electoral Process, Political Pluralism and Participation, Functioning of Government) and 15 civil liberties questions (on Freedom of Expression, Belief, Associational and Organizational Rights, Rule of Law, Personal Autonomy and Individual Rights). Scores are awarded to each of these questions on a scale of 0 to 4, where a score of 0 represents the smallest degree and 4 the greatest degree of rights or liberties present. The total score awarded to the political rights and civil liberties checklist determines the political rights and civil liberties rating. Each rating of 1 through 7, with 1 representing the highest and 7 the lowest level of freedom, corresponds to a range of total scores.

Political Freedom:: 6/7

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