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Foreign Trade in Figures

Trade represents 51% of the country's GDP in 2025 (World Bank). The Egyptian market has been gradually opening up, with the ratification of various free trade agreements, especially the European Free Trade Association (EFTA) and the African Continental Free Trade Area (AfCFTA). In 2025, gold was the main export item (14.8% of the total), followed by refined petroleum products (6.6%), insulated cables (3.6%), nitrogen fertilizers (3.3%), and citrus fruit (2.2%). Imports were dominated by energy and food products: petroleum gas (10.0%), refined petroleum (9.3%), wheat (3.7%), motor cars (3.1%), and maize (2.9% - data Comtrade).

In 2025, Egypt's main export partners were the United Arab Emirates (13.7%), Italy (7.9%), Türkiye (6.4%), Saudi Arabia (5.8%), and the United States (5.3%); whereas imports came chiefly from China (18.6%), the United States (12.6%), Saudi Arabia (9.4%), Russia (5.1%), and Germany (4.3% - data Comtrade).

The Egyptian economy has a structural trade deficit, which was estimated at 11.7% of GDP in 2025 (from -6.8% one year earlier - World Bank). In the same year, the country’s total exports of goods stood at USD 51.4 billion (+21.7% compared to one year earlier), whereas imports increased to USD 97.5 billion (+13.3% year-on-year). As for services, Egypt exported USD 34.1 billion (+14.8% y-o-y), importing USD 29.6 billion (+7.7% y-o-y – data WTO).

 
Foreign Trade Values 20212022202320242025
Imports of Goods (million USD) 74,55095,67083,21086,08397,539
Exports of Goods (million USD) 41,31051,28042,08142,24751,403
Imports of Services (million USD) 23,12625,39822,00627,49429,606
Exports of Services (million USD) 21,89731,57433,64929,68534,068

Source: World Trade Organisation (WTO) ; Latest available data

Foreign Trade Indicators 20212022202320242025
Foreign Trade (in % of GDP) 29.937.040.539.651.3
Trade Balance (million USD) -34,471-27,024-25,691-38,060-43,084
Trade Balance (Including Service) (million USD) -35,700-20,848-14,047-35,870-38,622
Imports of Goods and Services (Annual % Change) 0.524.31.14.729.2
Exports of Goods and Services (Annual % Change) -13.857.331.4-10.623.7
Imports of Goods and Services (in % of GDP) 19.321.921.323.231.5
Exports of Goods and Services (in % of GDP) 10.615.119.116.419.8

Source: World Bank ; Latest available data

Foreign Trade Forecasts 2026 (e)2027 (e)2028 (e)2029 (e)2030 (e)
Volume of exports of goods and services (Annual % change) 1.22.03.86.64.8
Volume of imports of goods and services (Annual % change) 3.34.35.88.57.2

Source: IMF, World Economic Outlook ; Latest available data

Note: (e) Estimated Data

 
International Economic Cooperation
Egypt is a member of the following international economic organisations: WTO, Arab Monetary Fund (AMF), ICC, Black Sea Economic Cooperation Zone (BSEC) (observer), G-15, G-24, G-77, Common Market for Eastern and Southern Africa (COMESA), IMF, Arab League, among others. For the full list of economic and other international organisations in which participates Egypt click here. International organisation membership of Egypt is also outlined here.
Free Trade Agreements
The complete and up-to-date list of Free Trade Agreements signed by Egypt can be consulted here.
 

Main Partner Countries

Main Customers
(% of Exports)
2025
United Arab Emirates 13.7%
Italy 7.9%
Türkiye 6.4%
Saudi Arabia 5.8%
United States 5.3%
See More Countries 61.0%
Main Suppliers
(% of Imports)
2025
China 18.6%
United States 12.6%
Saudi Arabia 9.4%
Russia 5.1%
Germany 4.3%
See More Countries 50.0%

Source: Comtrade, 2026. Because of rounding, the sum of the percentages may be smaller/greater than 100%.

 
 

Main Products

51.4 bn USD of products exported in 2025
Gold, incl. gold plated with platinum, unwrought...Gold, incl. gold plated with platinum, unwrought or not further worked than semi-manufactured or in powder form 14.8%
Petroleum oils and oils obtained from bituminous...Petroleum oils and oils obtained from bituminous minerals (excl. crude); preparations containing >= 70% by weight of petroleum oils or of oils obtained from bituminous minerals, these oils being the basic constituents of the preparations, n.e.s.; waste oils containing mainly petroleum or bituminous minerals 6.6%
Insulated "incl. enamelled or anodised" wire,...Insulated "incl. enamelled or anodised" wire, cable "incl. coaxial cable" and other insulated electric conductors, whether or not fitted with connectors; optical fibre cables, made up of individually sheathed fibres, whether or not assembled with electric conductors or fitted with connectors 3.6%
Mineral or chemical nitrogenous fertilisers (excl....Mineral or chemical nitrogenous fertilisers (excl. those in pellet or similar forms, or in packages with a gross weight of <= 10 kg) 3.3%
Citrus fruit, fresh or driedCitrus fruit, fresh or dried 2.2%
See More Products 69.6%
101.0 bn USD of products imported in 2025
Petroleum gas and other gaseous hydrocarbonsPetroleum gas and other gaseous hydrocarbons 10.0%
Petroleum oils and oils obtained from bituminous...Petroleum oils and oils obtained from bituminous minerals (excl. crude); preparations containing >= 70% by weight of petroleum oils or of oils obtained from bituminous minerals, these oils being the basic constituents of the preparations, n.e.s.; waste oils containing mainly petroleum or bituminous minerals 9.3%
Wheat and meslinWheat and meslin 3.7%
Motor cars and other motor vehicles principally...Motor cars and other motor vehicles principally designed for the transport of persons, incl. station wagons and racing cars (excl. motor vehicles of heading 8702) 3.1%
Maize or cornMaize or corn 2.9%
See More Products 71.1%

Source: Comtrade, 2026. Because of rounding, the sum of the percentages may be smaller/greater than 100%.

 
 

To go further, check out our service Import-Export Flows.

 

Main Services

Source: United Nations Statistics Division, 2026. Because of rounding, the sum of the percentages may be smaller/greater than 100%.

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Actualitzacions: October 2026

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