Egipte: Visió econòmica i política
Trade represents 51% of the country's GDP in 2025 (World Bank). The Egyptian market has been gradually opening up, with the ratification of various free trade agreements, especially the European Free Trade Association (EFTA) and the African Continental Free Trade Area (AfCFTA). In 2025, gold was the main export item (14.8% of the total), followed by refined petroleum products (6.6%), insulated cables (3.6%), nitrogen fertilizers (3.3%), and citrus fruit (2.2%). Imports were dominated by energy and food products: petroleum gas (10.0%), refined petroleum (9.3%), wheat (3.7%), motor cars (3.1%), and maize (2.9% - data Comtrade).
In 2025, Egypt's main export partners were the United Arab Emirates (13.7%), Italy (7.9%), Türkiye (6.4%), Saudi Arabia (5.8%), and the United States (5.3%); whereas imports came chiefly from China (18.6%), the United States (12.6%), Saudi Arabia (9.4%), Russia (5.1%), and Germany (4.3% - data Comtrade).
The Egyptian economy has a structural trade deficit, which was estimated at 11.7% of GDP in 2025 (from -6.8% one year earlier - World Bank). In the same year, the country’s total exports of goods stood at USD 51.4 billion (+21.7% compared to one year earlier), whereas imports increased to USD 97.5 billion (+13.3% year-on-year). As for services, Egypt exported USD 34.1 billion (+14.8% y-o-y), importing USD 29.6 billion (+7.7% y-o-y – data WTO).
| Foreign Trade Values | 2021 | 2022 | 2023 | 2024 | 2025 |
| Imports of Goods (million USD) | 74,550 | 95,670 | 83,210 | 86,083 | 97,539 |
| Exports of Goods (million USD) | 41,310 | 51,280 | 42,081 | 42,247 | 51,403 |
| Imports of Services (million USD) | 23,126 | 25,398 | 22,006 | 27,494 | 29,606 |
| Exports of Services (million USD) | 21,897 | 31,574 | 33,649 | 29,685 | 34,068 |
Source: World Trade Organisation (WTO) ; Latest available data
| Foreign Trade Indicators | 2021 | 2022 | 2023 | 2024 | 2025 |
| Foreign Trade (in % of GDP) | 29.9 | 37.0 | 40.5 | 39.6 | 51.3 |
| Trade Balance (million USD) | -34,471 | -27,024 | -25,691 | -38,060 | -43,084 |
| Trade Balance (Including Service) (million USD) | -35,700 | -20,848 | -14,047 | -35,870 | -38,622 |
| Imports of Goods and Services (Annual % Change) | 0.5 | 24.3 | 1.1 | 4.7 | 29.2 |
| Exports of Goods and Services (Annual % Change) | -13.8 | 57.3 | 31.4 | -10.6 | 23.7 |
| Imports of Goods and Services (in % of GDP) | 19.3 | 21.9 | 21.3 | 23.2 | 31.5 |
| Exports of Goods and Services (in % of GDP) | 10.6 | 15.1 | 19.1 | 16.4 | 19.8 |
Source: World Bank ; Latest available data
| Foreign Trade Forecasts | 2026 (e) | 2027 (e) | 2028 (e) | 2029 (e) | 2030 (e) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Volume of exports of goods and services (Annual % change) | 1.2 | 2.0 | 3.8 | 6.6 | 4.8 |
| Volume of imports of goods and services (Annual % change) | 3.3 | 4.3 | 5.8 | 8.5 | 7.2 |
Source: IMF, World Economic Outlook ; Latest available data
Note: (e) Estimated Data
| Main Customers (% of Exports) |
2025 |
| United Arab Emirates | 13.7% |
| Italy | 7.9% |
| Türkiye | 6.4% |
| Saudi Arabia | 5.8% |
| United States | 5.3% |
| Switzerland | 3.4% |
| United Kingdom | 3.1% |
| Libya | 2.9% |
| Spain | 2.8% |
| Germany | 2.4% |
| Algeria | 2.3% |
| Brazil | 2.2% |
| Netherlands | 2.2% |
| France | 2.1% |
| Morocco | 2.1% |
| Lebanon | 1.9% |
| Iraq | 1.7% |
| Russia | 1.6% |
| Greece | 1.5% |
| Jordan | 1.4% |
| See More Countries | 61.0% |
| Main Suppliers (% of Imports) |
2025 |
| China | 18.6% |
| United States | 12.6% |
| Saudi Arabia | 9.4% |
| Russia | 5.1% |
| Germany | 4.3% |
| Brazil | 4.3% |
| Türkiye | 3.6% |
| India | 3.6% |
| Italy | 2.9% |
| United Arab Emirates | 2.6% |
| Israel | 2.3% |
| Indonesia | 1.9% |
| Ukraine | 1.9% |
| France | 1.7% |
| United Kingdom | 1.6% |
| Spain | 1.6% |
| South Korea | 1.2% |
| Sweden | 1.1% |
| Netherlands | 1.1% |
| Belgium | 1.0% |
| See More Countries | 50.0% |
Source: Comtrade, 2026. Because of rounding, the sum of the percentages may be smaller/greater than 100%.
Source: Comtrade, 2026. Because of rounding, the sum of the percentages may be smaller/greater than 100%.
To go further, check out our service Import-Export Flows.
| 31.6 bn USD of services exported in 2022 | |
| 38.78% | |
| Personal travelPersonal travel | 38.78% |
| OtherOther | 23.73% |
| 37.49% | |
| 10.04% | |
| 5.24% | |
| 3.88% | |
| 1.71% | |
| 1.15% | |
| 0.87% | |
| 0.50% | |
| 0.34% | |
| 25.4 bn USD of services imported in 2022 | |
| 44.46% | |
| 21.36% | |
| Personal travelPersonal travel | 21.10% |
| OtherOther | 34.18% |
| Business travelBusiness travel | 0.26% |
| 11.53% | |
| 9.50% | |
| 7.11% | |
| 3.11% | |
| 1.56% | |
| 1.14% | |
| 0.12% | |
| 0.12% | |
Source: United Nations Statistics Division, 2026. Because of rounding, the sum of the percentages may be smaller/greater than 100%.
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Actualitzacions: October 2026
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