Eslovènia: Visió econòmica i política
Slovenia is highly open to foreign trade, which represents about 161% of the country's GDP (World Bank, latest data available). This high level of openness makes Slovenia very dependent on the economic health of its main commercial partners: Slovenia is integrated within German and Austrian production chains for automobiles and electrical and electronic equipment, and in Swiss chains for the pharmaceuticals industry, and generates more than half of its goods exports from these four sectors. The largest share of total trade in 2022 was contributed from chemicals and related products (34.0% of exports and 31.9% of imports), followed by machinery and transport equipment (26.7% of exports and 22.7% of imports), manufactured goods classified chiefly by material (16.4% of exports and 14.5% of imports), miscellaneous manufactured articles (about 8.2% of exports and 7.0% of imports), and mineral fuels, lubricants and related materials (8.0% of exports and 13.8% of imports – data Statistics Slovenia).
Data from Statistics Slovenia show that in 2022 the main export destinations were Switzerland (21% of total exports), followed by Germany (14.4%), Italy (10.6%), Croatia (8.4%), Austria (6.7%) and France (3.3%); whereas imports came chiefly from Switzerland (14.6% of total imports), followed by Germany (12.5%), Italy (11.5%), China (8.9%), Austria (8.4%) and Croatia (5%). Slovenia has an external trade deficit with EU member states that has been decreasing in recent years. On the other hand, the country has had an external trade surplus with EU non-member countries.
Slovenia’s trade balance is structurally positive: in 2021 the trade surplus stood at 6.3%of GDP (from 9.2% one year earlier), according to the World Bank. Both exports and imports of goods increased during the year: exports stood at USD 57.3 billion (+28% y-o-y), while imports grew at a faster pace totalling USD 57.5 billion (+36.6%), slightly above exports. The country is a net exporter of services, with exports totalling USD 9.7 billion and imports at USD 6.9 billion (+24.6% and +27.6%, respectively). According to the latest figures from the Slovenian statistical office, in 2022 exports amounted to EUR 52.9 billion and imports to EUR 56.8 billion, growing by 34.2% and 36.6% respectively, marking the second year in a row in which Slovenia recorded a deficit in merchandise trade.
Foreign Trade Values | 2017 | 2018 | 2019 | 2020 | 2021 |
Imports of Goods (million USD) | 36,078 | 42,267 | 44,007 | 42,120 | 57,560 |
Exports of Goods (million USD) | 38,443 | 44,200 | 44,943 | 44,797 | 57,352 |
Imports of Services (million USD) | 5,055 | 6,364 | 6,359 | 5,492 | 6,930 |
Exports of Services (million USD) | 8,184 | 9,559 | 9,554 | 7,831 | 9,763 |
Source: World Trade Organisation (WTO) ; Latest available data
Foreign Trade Indicators | 2017 | 2018 | 2019 | 2020 | 2021 |
Foreign Trade (in % of GDP) | 157.3 | 161.1 | 158.8 | 146.2 | 160.9 |
Trade Balance (million USD) | 1,830 | 1,511 | 1,456 | 2,665 | 1,072 |
Trade Balance (Including Service) (million USD) | 4,385 | 4,599 | 4,707 | 5,019 | 3,969 |
Imports of Goods and Services (Annual % Change) | 10.7 | 7.1 | 4.7 | -9.6 | 17.6 |
Exports of Goods and Services (Annual % Change) | 11.1 | 6.2 | 4.5 | -8.6 | 14.5 |
Imports of Goods and Services (in % of GDP) | 74.1 | 76.3 | 75.1 | 68.5 | 77.3 |
Exports of Goods and Services (in % of GDP) | 83.1 | 84.8 | 83.7 | 77.7 | 83.6 |
Source: World Bank ; Latest available data
Foreign Trade Forecasts | 2022 | 2023 (e) | 2024 (e) | 2025 (e) | 2026 (e) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Volume of exports of goods and services (Annual % change) | 6.5 | 2.3 | 3.4 | 3.2 | 3.4 |
Volume of imports of goods and services (Annual % change) | 9.8 | 1.7 | 3.4 | 4.1 | 3.7 |
Source: IMF, World Economic Outlook ; Latest available data
Note: (e) Estimated Data
Main Customers (% of Exports) |
2021 |
Germany | 17.5% |
Switzerland | 13.4% |
Italy | 10.5% |
Croatia | 7.8% |
Austria | 6.5% |
See More Countries | 44.3% |
Main Suppliers (% of Imports) |
2021 |
Germany | 13.1% |
China | 12.9% |
Switzerland | 11.0% |
Italy | 10.6% |
Austria | 6.6% |
See More Countries | 45.9% |
Source: Comtrade, 2022. Because of rounding, the sum of the percentages may be smaller/greater than 100%.
Source: Comtrade, 2022. Because of rounding, the sum of the percentages may be smaller/greater than 100%.
To go further, check out our service Import Export Flows.
Source: United Nations Statistics Division, 2023. Because of rounding, the sum of the percentages may be smaller/greater than 100%.
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Actualitzacions: May 2023