Xifres de comerç exterior d'Estònia

Foreign Trade in Figures

Estonia is considered one of the most liberal countries in the world and is very open to trade, which represents 157% of GDP (World Bank, latest edition). In 2022, the country mainly exported mineral products (19%), electrical equipment (13%), wood (11%), and agricultural products (10%); while the main imports comprised mineral products (20%), electrical equipment (11%), machinery and mechanical appliances (10%), and base metals and related articles (10% - data Statistics Estonia).

In 2022, the country’s major trading partners were Finland (15% of total exports), Latvia (14%) and Sweden (9%). The top partner countries for Estonia’s imports of goods were Finland (16% of total imports), Lithuania, Germany, and Latvia (all three accounting for 10% - data Statistics Estonia). The biggest decrease occurred in imports from Belarus and Russia (down by EUR 484 million and 293 million, respectively) due to the ongoing conflict in Ukraine and the EU sanctions that followed. Overall, the EU accounted for 70% of total exports and 78% of imports.

Estonia's merchandise trade balance is structurally negative. According to figures from WTO, in 2021 the country exported goods worth USD 21.5 billion (+26.7% y-o-y), while imports totalled USD 23.6 billion (+36.1%). In terms of services, Estonia is a net exporter: in 2021 exports reached USD 9.9 billion against USD 8.2 billion in imports. According to the World Bank, the country’s trade balance was negative by 0.4% of GDP. According to figures from the national statistics agency, exports of goods increased by 17% and imports by 23% in 2022 vis-à-vis 2021. Their value was estimated at USD 21.2 billion and 24.5 billion, respectively. Re-exports from Estonia grew by 42%, while exports of domestic goods increased by 7% so that the share of goods of Estonian origin in total exports was 66%.