El marc polític d'Etiòpia

Political Outline

Current Political Leaders

President: TAYE Atske Selassie (since 7 October 2024)
Prime Minister: ABIY Ahmed Ali (since April 2018)

Next Election Dates

House of Federation: October 2026
House of People's Representatives: June 2026

Main Political Parties

The ruling coalition in Ethiopia, formerly the Ethiopian People’s Revolutionary Democratic Front (EPRDF), is now the Prosperity Party, which was formed through the merger of three ethnically-based parties: the Amhara Democratic Party (ADP) (formerly the Amhara National Democratic Movement, ANDM), the Oromo Peoples' Democratic Organisation (OPDO), and the Southern Ethiopian People's Democratic Movement (SEPDM). The Tigrayan People's Liberation Front (TPLF) opted not to join the new party. While the TPLF was the dominant group within the former coalition, Tigrayans make up only 6% of the country's population. Despite this, Prime Minister Abiy Ahmed is the first leader of Ethiopia from the Oromo ethnic group.

Other notable political parties in Ethiopia include:

National Movement of Amhara (NaMa): a right-wing, Amhara ethnic nationalist party
Ethiopian Citizens for Social Justice (EZEMA): a centrist party formed from the merger of several smaller parties
Gedeo People's Democratic Party (GPDP): a party advocating for Gedeo nationalism
Kucha People Democratic Party (KPDP): representing the Kucha ethnic group

Executive Power

The highest executive authority in Ethiopia’s federal government is vested in the Prime Minister and the Council of Ministers. The Prime Minister is elected from among the members of the House of Peoples' Representatives and serves a term that aligns with the mandate of the House. As the Chief Executive, the Prime Minister also chairs the Council of Ministers and serves as the Commander-in-Chief of the national armed forces. The Prime Minister leads the Council, coordinates its activities, and represents it. The Council of Ministers consists of the Prime Minister, the Deputy Prime Minister, various Ministers, and other members as defined by law. Among its duties, the Council formulates and implements economic, social, and development policies and strategies.

Legislative Power

Federal legislative power in Ethiopia is shared between the government and the two chambers of the Federal Parliamentary Assembly: the House of People's Representatives and the House of the Federation. The House of People's Representatives consists of 547 members, each elected for a five-year term in single-seat constituencies. The House of the Federation, with a maximum of 153 members, is made up of representatives indirectly elected by state assemblies, also serving five-year terms.