Finlàndia: Invertir a Finlàndia
Due to the outbreak of the Covid-19 pandemic, foreign direct investment (FDI) flows to Finland came to an abrupt halt in 2020. According to the World Investment Report 2021 published by UNCTAD, Finland's FDI inflows amounted to USD 13.6 billion in 2019 and decreased to USD 2.6 billion in 2020. In the same year, the total FDI stock amounted to USD 97 billion. According to recent data by OECD, the majority of the investment stock comes from Sweden, Luxembourg, the Netherlands, Norway and China. The combined share of the investment stock from the EU area is at 90%. Examined by industry, inward FDI to Finland are mainly directed towards enterprises engaged in manufacturing, financial and insurance activities, information and communication, real estate, wholesale and retail trade. Figures from Statistics Finland shows that during 2020, Finnish investors’ returns from foreign direct investments totalled EUR 11.3 billion; whereas returns generated by foreign owners on direct investments to Finland totalled EUR 5.5 billion. According to the latest data by OECD, in the first half of 2021 FDI inflows to the country totalled USD 0.6 billion, compared to a negative flow of USD 2.4 billion one year earlier.
The country’s strengths include a highly educated workforce, a knowledge-based and innovative economy, a reputation for stability and lack of corruption, competitiveness, a strategic position at the centre of a dynamic zone formed by Russia, Scandinavia and the Baltic countries and its orientation towards high technology, research and development. Finland’s weak points are the small size of its market, a high vulnerability to the international situation, substantial labour costs and a high degree of dependence of the country’s banking sector on the Swedish and Danish financial sectors. Significant amendments to the Monitoring of Foreign Corporate Acquisitions Law (172/2012) entered into force in 2020, widening the scope of acquisitions that are subject to mandatory pre-approval. Overall, Finland has a very friendly business environment, as shown by the fact that the country ranked 20th out of 190 countries in the latest edition of the World Bank's Doing Business report (although it lost three positions compared to the previous publication).
Foreign Direct Investment | 2019 | 2020 | 2021 |
FDI Inward Flow (million USD) | 13,456 | -1,427 | 9,393 |
FDI Stock (million USD) | 85,821 | 90,508 | 98,527 |
Number of Greenfield Investments* | 191 | 144 | 119 |
Value of Greenfield Investments (million USD) | 1,877 | 2,189 | 2,414 |
Source: UNCTAD, Latest available data
Note: * Greenfield Investments are a form of Foreign Direct Investment where a parent company starts a new venture in a foreign country by constructing new operational facilities from the ground up.
Country Comparison For the Protection of Investors | Finland | OECD | United States | Germany |
Index of Transaction Transparency* | 6.0 | 6.5 | 7.0 | 5.0 |
Index of Manager’s Responsibility** | 4.0 | 5.3 | 9.0 | 5.0 |
Index of Shareholders’ Power*** | 8.0 | 7.3 | 9.0 | 5.0 |
Source: Doing Business, Latest available data
Note: *The Greater the Index, the More Transparent the Conditions of Transactions. **The Greater the Index, the More the Manager is Personally Responsible. *** The Greater the Index, the Easier it Will Be For Shareholders to Take Legal Action.
The country's strong points:
Finland's main weak points:
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Actualitzacions: January 2023