Finlàndia: Visió econòmica i política
Finland is a highly industrialised country whose economy relies heavily on foreign trade, which represented 79% of its GDP in 2021 (World Bank – latest data available). In the same year, Finland mainly exported forestry products (18.9%), chemicals (18.4%), metal and metal products (16.6%), and machinery and equipment (13%); importing chemicals (18.1%), electric and electronics industry products (14.3%), products from mining and quarrying (11%), transport equipment (10.9%) and machinery (8.9% - data Finnish Customs).
According to official government data, the main trading partners were Germany (14.9%), Russia (11.9%), Sweden (11.6%), China (9%) and the Netherlands (5.3%); while the country’s imports came chiefly from Germany (13.3%), Sweden (10.3%), the U.S. (6.8%), the Netherlands (6.3%), and Russia (5.4%).
Finland's trade balance had traditionally been positive in the past, but its performance deteriorated in the last decade, alternating slightly positive results with negative ones. In 2021, the total export of goods (at USD 82 billion, +23.8% y-o-y) almost matched the total value of imports (USD 86 billion, -+26.1% y-o-y); whereas exports of services stood at USD 32.9 billion against almost USD 35.7 billion of import (with an annual double-digit increase of 14.2% and 12.5%, respectively - data by WTO). According to the latest figures from Statistics Finland, in the first ten months of 2022 the country exported EUR 66.7 billion worth of goods, importing EUR 77.1 billion.
Foreign Trade Values | 2017 | 2018 | 2019 | 2020 | 2021 |
Imports of Goods (million USD) | 70,586 | 78,624 | 73,716 | 68,134 | 85,975 |
Exports of Goods (million USD) | 68,073 | 75,869 | 73,468 | 66,192 | 81,971 |
Imports of Services (million USD) | 31,012 | 35,200 | 37,230 | 31,727 | 35,696 |
Exports of Services (million USD) | 29,729 | 31,843 | 35,428 | 28,822 | 32,935 |
Source: World Trade Organisation (WTO) ; Latest available data
Foreign Trade Indicators | 2017 | 2018 | 2019 | 2020 | 2021 |
Foreign Trade (in % of GDP) | 75.1 | 78.2 | 79.6 | 71.6 | 78.6 |
Trade Balance (million USD) | 1,689 | 333 | 2,579 | 3,596 | 3,387 |
Trade Balance (Including Service) (million USD) | 125 | -3,435 | 420 | 750 | 626 |
Imports of Goods and Services (Annual % Change) | 4.3 | 5.7 | 2.4 | -6.0 | 6.0 |
Exports of Goods and Services (Annual % Change) | 8.8 | 1.5 | 6.7 | -6.8 | 5.4 |
Imports of Goods and Services (in % of GDP) | 37.5 | 39.7 | 39.7 | 35.7 | 39.2 |
Exports of Goods and Services (in % of GDP) | 37.5 | 38.5 | 39.9 | 35.9 | 39.4 |
Source: World Bank ; Latest available data
Foreign Trade Forecasts | 2022 | 2023 (e) | 2024 (e) | 2025 (e) | 2026 (e) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Volume of exports of goods and services (Annual % change) | 1.7 | 1.8 | 3.5 | 3.2 | 3.1 |
Volume of imports of goods and services (Annual % change) | 7.7 | 1.0 | 2.4 | 3.7 | 2.7 |
Source: IMF, World Economic Outlook ; Latest available data
Note: (e) Estimated Data
Main Customers (% of Exports) |
2021 |
Germany | 13.2% |
Sweden | 10.2% |
United States | 6.6% |
Netherlands | 6.1% |
Russia | 5.4% |
See More Countries | 58.5% |
Main Suppliers (% of Imports) |
2021 |
Germany | 14.5% |
Russia | 11.7% |
Sweden | 11.4% |
China | 9.0% |
Netherlands | 4.5% |
See More Countries | 48.9% |
Source: Comtrade, 2022. Because of rounding, the sum of the percentages may be smaller/greater than 100%.
Source: Comtrade, 2022. Because of rounding, the sum of the percentages may be smaller/greater than 100%.
To go further, check out our service Import Export Flows.
Source: United Nations Statistics Division, 2023. Because of rounding, the sum of the percentages may be smaller/greater than 100%.
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Actualitzacions: April 2023