El marc polític de Geòrgia

Political Outline

Current Political Leaders

President: Mikheil KAVELASHVILI (since 29 December 2024)
Prime Minister: Irakli KOBAKHIDZE (since 8 February 2024)

Next Election Dates

Presidential: 2029
Parliamentary: October 2028

Main Political Parties

Georgia has a multi-party system. The major political parties include:
- Georgian Dream (coalition comprising of Democratic Georgia; Conservative Party; Industry Will Save Georgia; Republican Party of Georgia; National Forum): nationalist, pro-market, pro-west, diverse
- People's Power: populist, in December 2024, the party left the parliamentary majority to form what it termed a "healthy opposition"
- For Georgia: centre to centr-left, pro-Europeanism
- European Socialists: social democracy
- United National Movement (UNM): centre-right, largest opposition force, favors radical reforms and close ties with NATO and the European Union
- Progress & Freedom (P&F): centre, pro-Europeanism
- Girchi: libertarianism, pro-Europeanism
- Lelo: centre, liberalism.

Executive Power

The head of state in Georgia is the President, who is elected by an electoral college for a five-year term. The President serves a largely ceremonial role but is formally the commander-in-chief of the armed forces. Executive power is vested in the Prime Minister, who heads the government and oversees the Cabinet of Ministers. The Prime Minister is appointed by Parliament and holds responsibility for the day-to-day administration of government affairs. The President does not appoint the Cabinet. Georgia is a unitary state with a centralised government, although the Autonomous Republic of Adjara has a degree of self-governance under Georgian law. The region of Abkhazia is internationally recognised as part of Georgia but operates as a de facto independent entity following conflict and Russian support.

Legislative Power

Georgia has a unicameral legislature: the Parliament consists of 150 members who serve four-year terms. Of these, 120 are elected through a closed-list proportional representation system in a single nationwide constituency, while the remaining 30 are elected in single-member districts by a majoritarian system, requiring over 50% of the vote, with a runoff held if necessary. The government is accountable to Parliament and must maintain its confidence to remain in office. While the President holds a largely ceremonial role, they do not have the power to unilaterally dissolve Parliament or veto legislation without involving Parliament in the process, as most powers are exercised within the framework of parliamentary approval.

Indicator of Freedom of the Press

World Rank:

60/180

Indicator of Political Freedom

Ranking:

Partly Free

Political Freedom:

4/7

Political freedom in the world (interactive map)
Source: Freedom in the World Report, Freedom House