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El marc polític de Geòrgia

Political Outline

Current Political Leaders
President: Mikheil KAVELASHVILI (since 29 December 2024)
Prime Minister: Irakli KOBAKHIDZE (since 8 February 2024)
Next Election Dates
Presidential: 2029
Parliamentary: October 2028
Main Political Parties
Georgia has a multi-party system. The major political parties include:
- Georgian Dream (coalition comprising of Democratic Georgia; Conservative Party; Industry Will Save Georgia; Republican Party of Georgia; National Forum): nationalist, pro-market, pro-west, diverse
- People's Power: populist, in December 2024, the party left the parliamentary majority to form what it termed a "healthy opposition"
- For Georgia: centre to centr-left, pro-Europeanism
- European Socialists: social democracy
- United National Movement (UNM): centre-right, largest opposition force, favors radical reforms and close ties with NATO and the European Union
- Progress & Freedom (P&F): centre, pro-Europeanism
- Girchi: libertarianism, pro-Europeanism
- Lelo: centre, liberalism.
Executive Power
The head of state in Georgia is the President, who is elected by an electoral college for a five-year term. The President serves a largely ceremonial role but is formally the commander-in-chief of the armed forces. Executive power is vested in the Prime Minister, who heads the government and oversees the Cabinet of Ministers. The Prime Minister is appointed by Parliament and holds responsibility for the day-to-day administration of government affairs. The President does not appoint the Cabinet. Georgia is a unitary state with a centralised government, although the Autonomous Republic of Adjara has a degree of self-governance under Georgian law. The region of Abkhazia is internationally recognised as part of Georgia but operates as a de facto independent entity following conflict and Russian support.
Legislative Power
Georgia has a unicameral legislature: the Parliament consists of 150 members who serve four-year terms. Of these, 120 are elected through a closed-list proportional representation system in a single nationwide constituency, while the remaining 30 are elected in single-member districts by a majoritarian system, requiring over 50% of the vote, with a runoff held if necessary. The government is accountable to Parliament and must maintain its confidence to remain in office. While the President holds a largely ceremonial role, they do not have the power to unilaterally dissolve Parliament or veto legislation without involving Parliament in the process, as most powers are exercised within the framework of parliamentary approval.
 

Indicator of Freedom of the Press

Definition:

The world rankings, published annually, measures violations of press freedom worldwide. It reflects the degree of freedom enjoyed by journalists, the media and digital citizens of each country and the means used by states to respect and uphold this freedom. Finally, a note and a position are assigned to each country. To compile this index, Reporters Without Borders (RWB) prepared a questionnaire incorporating the main criteria (44 in total) to assess the situation of press freedom in a given country. This questionnaire was sent to partner organisations,150 RWB correspondents, journalists, researchers, jurists and human rights activists. It includes every kind of direct attacks against journalists and digital citizens (murders, imprisonment, assault, threats, etc.) or against the media (censorship, confiscation, searches and harassment etc.).

World Rank:
60/180
 

Indicator of Political Freedom

Definition:

The Indicator of Political Freedom provides an annual evaluation of the state of freedom in a country as experienced by individuals. The survey measures freedom according to two broad categories: political rights and civil liberties. The ratings process is based on a checklist of 10 political rights questions (on Electoral Process, Political Pluralism and Participation, Functioning of Government) and 15 civil liberties questions (on Freedom of Expression, Belief, Associational and Organizational Rights, Rule of Law, Personal Autonomy and Individual Rights). Scores are awarded to each of these questions on a scale of 0 to 4, where a score of 0 represents the smallest degree and 4 the greatest degree of rights or liberties present. The total score awarded to the political rights and civil liberties checklist determines the political rights and civil liberties rating. Each rating of 1 through 7, with 1 representing the highest and 7 the lowest level of freedom, corresponds to a range of total scores.

Ranking:
Partly Free
Political Freedom:
4/7

Political freedom in the world (interactive map)
Source: Freedom in the World Report, Freedom House

 

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Actualitzacions: May 2025

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