Xifres de comerç exterior de Geòrgia

Foreign Trade in Figures

Georgia is very open to international trade as it accounts for around 107% of its GDP (World Bank, latest data available). The country has no foreign exchange controls, allows foreign investment in almost all sectors, and has an impressive privatization program, particularly in terms of land allocation. The main products exported in 2023 were motor cars (34.9%), copper ores and concentrates (7.9%), wine of fresh grapes (4.3%), alcoholic beverages (3.2%), and ferroalloys (3%); whereas the main imports were motor cars (21.1%), petroleum and petroleum oils (7.5%), medicaments put up in measured doses (3.5%), petroleum gases and other gaseous hydrocarbons (2.9%), telephone sets (2.4%), and copper ores and concentrates (1.5% - data Geostat).

In 2023, Georgia's main customers were Azerbaijan (14.2%), Armenia (12.9%), Kazakhstan (11.5%), Kyrgyzstan (11.4%), Russia (10.8%), with the CIS countries accounting for 65.9% of total exports and the EU for 11.6%. Georgia’s main suppliers were Türkiye (16.5%), the United States (13.0%), Russia (11.2%), China (8.5%), Germany (6.3%), Azerbaijan (4.2%). The EU accounted for 24.6% of total imports, and the CIS state for 21.3% (data Statistics Georgia). The country was the second former member of the Soviet Union to join the WTO and free trade agreements with Europe and China helped attract foreign investors. In 2014, Georgia signed an Association Agreement (AA) and a Comprehensive Free Trade Agreement (ALECA) with the European Union, which has strengthened its exports. The Georgian government is seeking to improve its ports on the Black Sea to boost East-West trade.

Georgia has a structural trade deficit due to the low diversity and value of exports. According to WTO, in 2023, merchandise exports amounted to USD 6.09 billion (+9.1% y-o-y), whereas imports reached USD 15.51 billion (+14.5% y-o-y). At the same time, exports of commercial services increased by 34.6% to USD 7.67 billion, while imports of services amounted to USD 3.83 billion (+26.5%). For the year as a whole, the World Bank estimated the country’s trade deficit at 8.6% of its GDP. Preliminary figures from Statistics Georgia show that, in 2024, the country’s external merchandise trade reached USD 23.44 billion, up 8.0% year-on-year. Exports totalled USD 6.56 billion (+7.8%), while imports rose 8.1% to USD 16.87 billion. The trade deficit stood at USD 10.31 billion, accounting for 44.0% of total trade turnover.