Grècia: Visió econòmica i política
Greece has an export-oriented economy, with trade representing 92% of GDP (World Bank, latest data available). According to data from Comtrade, petroleum oils had the largest share of exports for 2023 (26.5%), followed by medicaments (5.9%), petroleum gas (2.9%), and olive oil (2.3%). As per imports, petroleum oils were the main item (20.6%), ahead of petroleum gas (5.4%), motor cars (3.6%), and medicaments (3.3%).
In 2023, Greek exports were mostly directed towards Italy (11.5%), Bulgaria (6.8%), Germany (6.6%), Cyprus (6.1%), United States (4.2%), and Spain (4%); whereas imports came chiefly from Germany (10.1%), China (8.4%), Italy (7.5%), Iraq (6.4%), the Netherlands (5.9%), France (4.3%), and Kazakhstan (4.1% - data Comtrade).
Data by WTO shows that, in 2023, exports of goods stood at USD 55 billion, marking a 4.3% decrease year-on-year; whereas imports totalled EUR 88.6 billion (-9.5% y-o-y). As per services, exports totalled USD 53.2 billion against USD 29.8 billion of imports (+7% and +0.1% year-on-year, respectively). The World Bank estimated the country’s trade deficit to be 4.7% of GDP in 2023, down from 9.6% the previous year. According to preliminary figures from the Hellenic Statistical Authority, Greek exports from January to December 2024 totalled EUR 49.9 billion, down 2.2% from EUR 51.0 billion in 2023. Excluding oil products, exports rose by EUR 819.8 million (2.3%), and by EUR 839.0 million (2.4%) when excluding both oil products and ships.
Foreign Trade Values | 2019 | 2020 | 2021 | 2022 | 2023 |
Imports of Goods (million USD) | 62,384 | 55,947 | 77,105 | 98,005 | 88,617 |
Exports of Goods (million USD) | 37,907 | 35,215 | 47,218 | 57,529 | 55,047 |
Imports of Services (million USD) | 21,322 | 17,587 | 26,212 | 29,785 | 29,815 |
Exports of Services (million USD) | 44,961 | 25,985 | 41,321 | 49,745 | 53,259 |
Source: World Trade Organisation (WTO) ; Latest available data
Foreign Trade Indicators | 2018 | 2019 | 2020 | 2021 | 2022 |
Foreign Trade (in % of GDP) | 80.2 | 81.9 | 71.7 | 89.5 | 106.9 |
Trade Balance (million USD) | -26,532 | -25,572 | -21,135 | -31,224 | -41,017 |
Trade Balance (Including Service) (million USD) | -3,935 | -2,008 | -12,737 | -16,011 | -20,975 |
Imports of Goods and Services (Annual % Change) | 8.1 | 2.9 | -7.3 | 17.7 | 10.2 |
Exports of Goods and Services (Annual % Change) | 9.1 | 4.9 | -21.5 | 24.1 | 4.9 |
Imports of Goods and Services (in % of GDP) | 41.2 | 41.8 | 39.7 | 48.6 | 58.2 |
Exports of Goods and Services (in % of GDP) | 39.0 | 40.1 | 32.0 | 40.9 | 48.7 |
Source: World Bank ; Latest available data
Foreign Trade Forecasts | 2024 | 2025 (e) | 2026 (e) | 2027 (e) | 2028 (e) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Volume of exports of goods and services (Annual % change) | 1.7 | 2.8 | 2.8 | 2.5 | 2.6 |
Volume of imports of goods and services (Annual % change) | 2.7 | 4.3 | 2.3 | 2.2 | 2.1 |
Source: IMF, World Economic Outlook ; Latest available data
Note: (e) Estimated Data
Main Customers (% of Exports) |
2023 |
Italy | 11.5% |
Bulgaria | 6.8% |
Germany | 6.6% |
Cyprus | 6.1% |
United States | 4.2% |
Spain | 4.0% |
United Kingdom | 3.8% |
Türkiye | 3.6% |
Romania | 3.5% |
France | 3.5% |
Libya | 3.1% |
Lebanon | 2.8% |
North Macedonia | 2.7% |
Netherlands | 2.5% |
Gibraltar | 2.3% |
Poland | 1.8% |
Ukraine | 1.6% |
Belgium | 1.4% |
Albania | 1.4% |
Israel | 1.3% |
See More Countries | 64.9% |
Main Suppliers (% of Imports) |
2023 |
Germany | 10.1% |
China | 8.4% |
Italy | 7.5% |
Iraq | 6.4% |
Netherlands | 5.9% |
France | 4.3% |
Kazakhstan | 4.1% |
Spain | 3.5% |
Bulgaria | 3.4% |
Türkiye | 3.3% |
Russia | 3.0% |
Belgium | 2.7% |
Libya | 2.5% |
United States | 1.8% |
Poland | 1.7% |
Egypt | 1.7% |
Azerbaijan | 1.6% |
Saudi Arabia | 1.2% |
Romania | 1.2% |
Turkmenistan | 1.2% |
See More Countries | 61.7% |
Source: Comtrade, 2024. Because of rounding, the sum of the percentages may be smaller/greater than 100%.
Source: Comtrade, 2024. Because of rounding, the sum of the percentages may be smaller/greater than 100%.
To go further, check out our service Import-Export Flows.
52.3 bn USD of services exported in 2023 | |
43.44% | |
42.59% | |
5.80% | |
Miscellaneous business,...Miscellaneous business, professional, and technical services | 5.15% |
Research and developmentResearch and development | 0.65% |
2.86% | |
1.52% | |
1.34% | |
1.18% | |
0.89% | |
0.28% | |
0.10% |
28.3 bn USD of services imported in 2023 | |
67.73% | |
9.28% | |
7.53% | |
Miscellaneous business,...Miscellaneous business, professional, and technical services | 7.17% |
Research and developmentResearch and development | 0.35% |
6.66% | |
3.55% | |
1.31% | |
1.28% | |
1.04% | |
0.83% | |
0.79% |
Source: United Nations Statistics Division, 2024. Because of rounding, the sum of the percentages may be smaller/greater than 100%.
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Actualitzacions: February 2025
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