Xifres de comerç exterior d'Indonèsia

Foreign Trade in Figures

Indonesia is open to foreign trade, which represented 33,2% of its GDP in 2020 (World Bank, 2022). The main exports are Mineral fuels, oils, distillation products (16% of all exports in 2021), animal, vegetable fats and oils, cleavage products (13%), iron and steel (6.6%), Electrical and electronic equipment (5.7%) and gold, precious stones, metals, coins (5%). Indonesia mostly imports machinery, nuclear reactors, boilers (15%), Electrical and electronic equipment (13%), Mineral fuels, oils, distillation products (11%), plastics (5.1%), iron and steel (4.8%). Indonesia became the world's largest exporter of thermal coal used in power stations in 2019 and has two major customers, China and India, the planet's two largest coal importers.The International Monetary Fund (IMF) is forecasting a rebound of more than 18% in the volume of exports of goods and services of the country in 2022, after a fall of 10,6% in 2020 due to the COVID pandemic, and an increase of more than 23.5% of its imports, after a fall of 17% in 2020.

China remained Indonesia's largest trading partner in 2021, buying up 20% of exports, followed by the United States (12%), Japan (8.6%), and Singapore (6.7%). The main suppliers are China (29%), Singapore (8.9%); Japan (7.7%), and the United State (6.3%). China and Indonesia are forging closer economic ties as the two countries face threats to their trade relations with the United States since the protectionist actions taken by President Donald Trump and the cautious approach of his successor. On the 15th of November 2020 Indonesia has signed the Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership (RCEP) with 14 other Indo-Pacific countries. This free trade agreement is the largest trade deal in history, covering 30 per cent of the global economy. It includes the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN : Brunei, Cambodia, Indonesia, Laos, Malaysia, Myanmar, Philippines, Singapore, Thailand, and Vietnam) and ASEAN’s free trade agreement partners (Australia, China, India, Japan, New Zealand and Republic of Korea). The RCEP covers goods, services, investment, economic and technical cooperation. It also creates new rules for electronic commerce, intellectual property, government procurement, competition, and small and medium sized enterprises.

Indonesia's trade surplus widened to USD 3.51 billion in December 2021 from USD 2.61 billion the previous year. This was the nineteenth straight month of trade surplus, amid accelerating global trade ahead of year-end holidays and surging commodity prices. Exports grew 49.7 percent over a year earlier to a new record high of USD 22.84 billion, boosted by both non-oil products (48.4%) and oil and gas products (74.8%). Imports jumped 52.6% to an all-time high USD 19.33 billion, the tenth straight month of double-digit increase, amid strong domestic demand. Purchases of non-oil and gas surged by 40.8% while those of oil and gas soared 178.8%. The trade of goods recorded a surplus of USD 34.32 billion, as exports rose by 42.6% while imports advanced at a slower 37.5% (Statistics Indonesia and Trading Economics, 2021).  The country is betting on bilateral and multilateral trade agreements to revive the non-oil exports within the next five years. President Widodo insists on the need to export less raw materials and more processed goods to create more added value and jobs at home.