Xifres de comerç exterior d'Indonèsia

Foreign Trade in Figures

Indonesia is open to foreign trade, which represents around 41% of its GDP (World Bank, latest data available). The country’s main exports include coal; briquettes, ovoids and similar solid fuels (16.0%), palm oil and its fractions, whether or not refined (9.5%), ferroalloys (4.7%), petroleum gas and other gaseous hydrocarbons (3.4%), and copper ores and concentrates (3.2%); whereas imports are led by petroleum oils and oils obtained from bituminous (14.7%), telephone sets, including telephones for cellular (2.8%), petroleum gas and other gaseous hydrocarbons (2.1%), parts and accessories for tractors, motor vehicles (1.7% - data Comtrade for 2023). Exports of manufacturing products from January–December 2023 fell by 9.2%, while exports of agriculture, forestry, and fisheries decreased by 10.0%. Exports from the mining and other sectors dropped by 20.6% compared to the same period in 2022. During the same period, the country’s largest exports came from Jawa Barat, valued at USD 36.63 billion (14.1%), followed by Kalimantan Timur at USD 27.94 billion (10.8%) and Jawa Timur at USD 22.43 billion (8.6% - data BPS).

China remained Indonesia's largest trading partner in 2023, buying up 22.6% of India’s exports, followed by the United States (9.7%), Japan (8.5%), India (8%), and Malaysia (5.3%). In the same year, the main suppliers were China (28.5%), Singapore (8.2%); Japan (7.2%), Malaysia (5.3%), and South Korea (4.9% - data Comtrade). In 2020 Indonesia signed the Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership (RCEP) with 14 other Indo-Pacific countries. This free trade agreement is the largest trade deal in history, covering 30% of the global economy. It includes the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN: Brunei, Cambodia, Indonesia, Laos, Malaysia, Myanmar, Philippines, Singapore, Thailand, and Vietnam) and ASEAN’s free trade agreement partners (Australia, China, India, Japan, New Zealand and the Republic of Korea). The RCEP covers goods, services, investment, economic and technical cooperation. It also creates new rules for electronic commerce, intellectual property, government procurement, competition, and small and medium-sized enterprises. In February 2025, Indonesian President Prabowo Subianto signed a regulation requiring exporters of resources, excluding oil and gas, to hold all proceeds locally for at least a year. The move is expected to add USD 80 billion to the country's forex reserves.

Indonesia’s trade balance has been positive in recent years. According to WTO data, in 2023, the country exported USD 258.8 billion worth of goods (-11.3% y-o-y), importing USD 221.8 billion (-6.5%). As per services, exports stood at USD 33.4 billion against USD 51.3 billion in imports (+44% and +18.9%, respectively). For the year as a whole, the World Bank estimated the trade balance to be positive by 2.2% of GDP (it was 3.5% one year earlier). According to preliminary figures from Statistics Indonesia, the country’s exports in 2024 amounted to USD 264.7 billion, marking a 2.3% year-on-year increase. The total import value stood at USD 233.6 billion, up by 5.3%.