Xifres de comerç exterior d'Indonèsia

Foreign Trade in Figures

Indonesia is open to foreign trade, which represents around 45% of its GDP (World Bank, latest data available). The country’s main exports include coal, briquettes, ovoids and similar solid fuels (16.0%); palm oil and its fractions, whether or not refined (9.5%); ferro-alloys (4.7%); petroleum gas and other gaseous hydrocarbons (3.4%); and copper ores and concentrates (3.2%); whereas imports are led by petroleum oils (9.9%); petroleum crude (4.8%); telephone sets (2.8%); petroleum gas and other gaseous hydrocarbons (2.1%); and parts and accessories for tractors and motor vehicles (1.7% - data Comtrade for 2022). Indonesia became the world's largest exporter of thermal coal used in power stations in 2019 and has two major customers, China and India, the two largest coal importers worldwide.

China remained Indonesia's largest trading partner in 2022, buying up 22.6% of India’s exports, followed by the United States (9.7%), Japan (8.5%), India (8%), and Malaysia (5.3%). In the same year, the main suppliers were China (28.5%), Singapore (8.2%); Japan (7.2%), Malaysia (5.3%), and South Korea (4.9% - data Comtrade). In 2020 Indonesia signed the Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership (RCEP) with 14 other Indo-Pacific countries. This free trade agreement is the largest trade deal in history, covering 30% of the global economy. It includes the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN: Brunei, Cambodia, Indonesia, Laos, Malaysia, Myanmar, Philippines, Singapore, Thailand, and Vietnam) and ASEAN’s free trade agreement partners (Australia, China, India, Japan, New Zealand and the Republic of Korea). The RCEP covers goods, services, investment, economic and technical cooperation. It also creates new rules for electronic commerce, intellectual property, government procurement, competition, and small and medium-sized enterprises.

Indonesia’s trade balance has been positive in recent years. According to WTO data, in 2022 the country exported USD 291.9 billion worth of goods (+26.1% y-o-y), importing USD 237.4 billion (+21%). As per services, exports stood at USD 23 billion against USD 43.4 billion in imports (+65.4% and +52%, respectively). For the year as a whole, the World Bank estimated the trade balance to be positive by 3.6% of GDP (was 2.6% one year earlier). According to preliminary figures from Statistics Indonesia, the country’s exports from January to November 2023 amounted to USD 236.41 billion, marking an 11.83% decrease compared to the corresponding period in 2022. Similarly, non-oil and gas exports stood at USD 221.96 billion, reflecting a decline of 12.47% over the same period. The total import value in January-November 2023 fell by 6.8% from the same period last year to USD 202.7 billion.