Xifres de comerç exterior d'Indonèsia

Foreign Trade in Figures

Indonesia is open to foreign trade, which represented 40% of its GDP in 2022 (World Bank, 2023). The main exports are Mineral fuels, oils, distillation products (19% of all exports in 2021), animal, vegetable fats and oils, cleavage products (14%), iron and steel (9%), Electrical and electronic equipment (5.1%) and vehicles other than railway and tramway (3.7%). Indonesia mostly imports machinery, nuclear reactors, boilers (13%), Electrical and electronic equipment (11%), Mineral fuels, oils, distillation products (15%), plastics (5.2%), iron and steel (6.1%). Indonesia became the world's largest exporter of thermal coal used in power stations in 2019 and has two major customers, China and India, the planet's two largest coal importers.The International Monetary Fund (IMF) is forecasting a rebound of 1.6% in the volume of exports of goods and services of the country in 2023, after an increase of 0.8% in 2022, and an increase of more than 7.8% of its imports, after +8.5% in 2022.

China remained Indonesia's largest trading partner in 2022, buying up 24% of exports, followed by the United States (12%), Japan (8%) and India (5.9%). The main suppliers are China (29%), Singapore (8.1%); Japan (7.6%), and the United State (5.9%). China and Indonesia are forging closer economic ties as the two countries face threats to their trade relations with the United States since the protectionist actions taken by President Donald Trump and the cautious approach of his successor. On the 15th of November 2020 Indonesia has signed the Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership (RCEP) with 14 other Indo-Pacific countries. This free trade agreement is the largest trade deal in history, covering 30 per cent of the global economy. It includes the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN : Brunei, Cambodia, Indonesia, Laos, Malaysia, Myanmar, Philippines, Singapore, Thailand, and Vietnam) and ASEAN’s free trade agreement partners (Australia, China, India, Japan, New Zealand and Republic of Korea). The RCEP covers goods, services, investment, economic and technical cooperation. It also creates new rules for electronic commerce, intellectual property, government procurement, competition, and small and medium sized enterprises.

Indonesia's trade surplus widened to USD 3.51 billion in December 2021 from USD 2.61 billion the previous year. According to the latest data published by BPS-Statistics Indonesia, Indonesia amassed a USD3.89 billion trade surplus in December 2022, thereby maintaining a positive trade balance since May 2020, despite retreating from USD5.13 billion the month earlier.  For the period from January-December 2022, therefore, the overall trade surplus stood at USD54.46 billion, up significantly from USD35.42 billion in the same period of 2021 (Bank Indonesia, 2023).  Bank Indonesia is confident the ongoing trade surplus is contributing to solid external economic resilience in the country.  Moving forward, this banking institution will continue to strengthen its policy synergy with the Government and other relevant authorities to bolster external resilience and strengthen national economic recovery momentum.

For the full year of 2022, exports climbed by 26.07 percent from the same period in 2021 to USD 291.98 billion. Imports to Indonesia dropped by 6.61 percent year-on-year, the largest fall in two years, to a six-month low of USD 19.94 billion in December of 2022, quickening from a 1.89 percent fall in the prior month, and compared with market forecasts of a 7.58 percent decline (World Bank, 2023).The country is betting on bilateral and multilateral trade agreements to revive the non-oil exports within the next five years. President Widodo insists on the need to export less raw materials and more processed goods to create more added value and jobs at home.