El marc polític d'Iran

Political Outline

Current Political Leaders

Supreme Leader: Mojtaba KHAMENEI (since 8 March 2026)
President: Masoud PEZESHKIAN (since 30 July 2024)

Next Election Dates

Presidential election: 2028
Parliamentary election: February 2028

Main Political Parties

Fundamentalist and conservative groups often dominate the political sphere in Iran. The Supreme Leader and lifetime officeholder, Ayatollah Khamenei, exerts enormous influence over the parliament.

The main political groups are:
- Coalition Council of Islamic Revolution Forces (SHANA): Islamic theocracy, neoliberalism, conservative coalition of parties, right-wing
- Voice of the Nation: moderate conservative group, social conservatism, liberal legalism
- Front of Islamic Revolution Stability (PAIRF): far-right, Islamism
- Combatant Clergy Association (UCIRF): centre to centre-right

- Unity Council
- Executives of Construction Party
- Islamic Coalition Party
- Moderation and Development Party
- National Trust Party (HEM)
- Union of Islamic Iran People's Party.

Executive Power

The chief of state is the Supreme Leader of the Islamic Revolution appointed for life time by the Assembly of Experts. The Supreme Leader is the Commander-in-Chief of the armed forces, controls the military intelligence and security operations and has sole power to declare war. The head of the government is the President who is elected by popular vote for a four-year term. The Council of Ministers (cabinet) is selected by the President with legislative approval. The President enjoys executive powers, except for matters directly related to the Supreme Leader.

Legislative Power

The legislature is unicameral. The parliament consists of Islamic Consultative Assembly having 290 seats with its members elected by popular vote to serve four-year terms. The Parliament must get the laws validated by the Guardian Council which checks if the laws suggested do not go against Islamic principles. The Parliament has real powers in Iran. It can in particular decide the dismissal of a minister. The Guardian Council, an appointed and constitutionally mandated 12-member council with considerable power, can approve or veto legislative bills from the Islamic Consultative Assembly, supervises elections, and approves or forbids candidates seeking office to the Assembly of Experts, the Presidency and the parliament. Six of its twelve members are Islamic faqihs (experts in Islamic Law) selected by the Supreme Leader of Iran, and the other six are jurists nominated by the Head of the Judicial system (who is also appointed by the Supreme Leader), and approved by the Iranian Parliament.

Indicator of Freedom of the Press

Evolution:

173/180