El marc polític de Letònia

Political Outline

Current Political Leaders: President: Edgars RINKEVICS (since 8 July 2023)
Prime Minister: Evika SILINA (since 15 September 2023)
Next Election Dates: Presidential: 2027
Parliamentary: October 2026
Main Political Parties: Latvia has a multi-party system, where no one party has a chance of gaining power alone, and parties must work with each other to form coalition governments. The major parties/alliances in the country are:

- New Unity (JV): centre-right political alliance formed by Unity, the Latgale Party and four other regional parties
- United List (AS): centrist and regionalist alliance formed by the Latvian Green Party, the Latvian Association of Regions, and the Liepāja Party
- National Alliance (NA): national-conservative and right-wing populist political party
- Union of Greens and Farmers (ZZS): agrarian political alliance made up of the Latvian Farmers' Union, Latvian Social Democratic Workers' Party, and For Latvia and Ventspils
- "Harmony" (SDPS): centre-left, promotes closer ties with Russia
- The Progressives (P): social-democratic
- Latvia First (LPV): right-wing, populist
- For Stability (ST!): centre, Eurosceptic
- Humane Latvia (PCL): centre to right-wing, populism
- New Conservative Party (JKP): conservatism
- Development/For! (AP!): centre, social liberalism
- Unity (V): centre-right, liberal conservatism, pro-Europe
- Union of Farmers and Greens (ZZS): centre
- Latvian Russian Union (LKS): left-wing, Russian minority politics.
Executive Power: The President is the head of state and is elected by the parliament in a separate election for a four-year term. The President serves as the commander-in-chief of the armed forces. He appoints the Prime Minister as head of government, who must then receive a vote of confidence from the parliament to take office. The Prime Minister holds executive powers, which include the implementation of the law and overseeing the day-to-day affairs of the government. The term of the Prime Minister depends on the parliamentary term and the government's stability. The Council of Ministers is nominated by the Prime Minister and appointed by the parliament.
Legislative Power: Latvia has a unicameral legislature. The Parliament, known as the Saeima, consists of 100 seats, and its members are elected through direct popular vote for four-year terms.

The executive branch depends directly or indirectly on the support of the parliament, often shown through a vote of confidence. Legislative power is shared between the government and the parliament. The government does not have the authority to dissolve the parliament. The people of Latvia enjoy significant political rights.

Indicator of Freedom of the Press

The world rankings, published annually, measures violations of press freedom worldwide. It reflects the degree of freedom enjoyed by journalists, the media and digital citizens of each country and the means used by states to respect and uphold this freedom. Finally, a note and a position are assigned to each country. To compile this index, Reporters Without Borders (RWB) prepared a questionnaire incorporating the main criteria (44 in total) to assess the situation of press freedom in a given country. This questionnaire was sent to partner organisations,150 RWB correspondents, journalists, researchers, jurists and human rights activists. It includes every kind of direct attacks against journalists and digital citizens (murders, imprisonment, assault, threats, etc.) or against the media (censorship, confiscation, searches and harassment etc.).

World Rank:: 22/180

Indicator of Political Freedom

Definition

Definition:

The Indicator of Political Freedom provides an annual evaluation of the state of freedom in a country as experienced by individuals. The survey measures freedom according to two broad categories: political rights and civil liberties. The ratings process is based on a checklist of 10 political rights questions (on Electoral Process, Political Pluralism and Participation, Functioning of Government) and 15 civil liberties questions (on Freedom of Expression, Belief, Associational and Organizational Rights, Rule of Law, Personal Autonomy and Individual Rights). Scores are awarded to each of these questions on a scale of 0 to 4, where a score of 0 represents the smallest degree and 4 the greatest degree of rights or liberties present. The total score awarded to the political rights and civil liberties checklist determines the political rights and civil liberties rating. Each rating of 1 through 7, with 1 representing the highest and 7 the lowest level of freedom, corresponds to a range of total scores.

Ranking:: Free
Political Freedom:: 1/7

Political freedom in the world (interactive map)
Source: Freedom in the World Report, Freedom House

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