Lituània: Visió econòmica i política
Lithuania is a very open economy, with foreign trade representing 176% of GDP (World Bank, latest data available). According to Statistics Lithuania, in 2022, the majority of exports comprised mineral products (16.9%), chemical and allied industries (12.3%), and machinery and mechanical appliances, electrical equipment (11.5%). On the other hand, imports were predominantly mineral products (28.5%), machinery and mechanical appliances, electrical equipment (14.8%), and products of the chemical and allied industries (11.3%).
In 2022, imports came chiefly from Poland (11.7%), Germany (11.6%), and Latvia (7.9%), while the main export partners were Germany (9.7%), Poland (9%), Latvia (8.7%), the United States (7.8%), and the Netherlands (7.5%). The majority of goods were exported to EU member states, accounting for 62.2% of total exports from Lithuania. Similarly, the largest proportion of imports also originated from EU member states, constituting 63.3% of total imports to Lithuania (data Statistics Lithuania).
The country's merchandise trade balance has historically been in deficit, which can largely be explained by the energy imports and, particularly, by the large amount of gas Lithuania imports from Russia. In 2021, Lithuania exported goods worth USD 46.3 billion, with imports amounting to USD 54.9 billion. Compared to the previous year before, exports increased by 13.8% and imports by 22.2% (data WTO). However, the balance of services is generally positive: in 2022, exports stood at EUR 18.3 billion (+14.1%) as imports grew at a faster pace, to EUR 12 billion (+24.5% y-o-y – WTO). The country’s overall trade balance in goods and services was estimated to be negative by 2% of GDP in 2022 (World Bank). Between January and October this year, the value of Lithuania's exports decreased by 9.6% to EUR 33.16 billion, whereas imports dropped by 13.8% to EUR 37.49 billion, as reported by Statistics Lithuania.
Foreign Trade Values | 2019 | 2020 | 2021 | 2022 | 2023 |
Imports of Goods (million USD) | 35,759 | 33,329 | 44,488 | 55,095 | 48,436 |
Exports of Goods (million USD) | 33,151 | 32,805 | 40,706 | 46,485 | 42,639 |
Imports of Services (million USD) | 7,740 | 6,727 | 9,598 | 11,985 | 13,336 |
Exports of Services (million USD) | 13,282 | 12,485 | 16,032 | 18,260 | 21,164 |
Source: World Trade Organisation (WTO) ; Latest available data
Foreign Trade Indicators | 2018 | 2019 | 2020 | 2021 | 2022 |
Foreign Trade (in % of GDP) | 148.6 | 149.3 | 137.0 | 156.5 | 177.1 |
Trade Balance (million USD) | -3,367 | -2,634 | -451 | -3,414 | -7,688 |
Trade Balance (Including Service) (million USD) | 959 | 2,904 | 5,307 | 3,020 | -1,384 |
Imports of Goods and Services (Annual % Change) | 6.0 | 6.0 | -4.5 | 19.9 | 12.3 |
Exports of Goods and Services (Annual % Change) | 6.8 | 10.1 | 0.4 | 17.0 | 11.9 |
Imports of Goods and Services (in % of GDP) | 73.4 | 72.0 | 63.9 | 76.0 | 89.5 |
Exports of Goods and Services (in % of GDP) | 75.2 | 77.3 | 73.2 | 80.5 | 87.6 |
Source: World Bank ; Latest available data
Foreign Trade Forecasts | 2023 | 2024 (e) | 2025 (e) | 2026 (e) | 2027 (e) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Volume of exports of goods and services (Annual % change) | -4.8 | 3.6 | 4.1 | 4.9 | 4.8 |
Volume of imports of goods and services (Annual % change) | -6.6 | 4.7 | 4.9 | 5.2 | 5.2 |
Source: IMF, World Economic Outlook ; Latest available data
Note: (e) Estimated Data
Main Customers (% of Exports) |
2023 |
Latvia | 10.8% |
Poland | 9.3% |
Germany | 7.8% |
Netherlands | 5.9% |
Estonia | 5.5% |
Russia | 5.4% |
United States | 4.8% |
Belarus | 4.3% |
Sweden | 4.0% |
United Kingdom | 3.8% |
Ukraine | 3.1% |
France | 2.6% |
Norway | 2.5% |
Denmark | 2.3% |
Italy | 2.2% |
Finland | 1.9% |
Kazakhstan | 1.7% |
Spain | 1.5% |
Türkiye | 1.4% |
Belgium | 1.3% |
See More Countries | 60.8% |
Main Suppliers (% of Imports) |
2023 |
Germany | 13.8% |
Poland | 13.2% |
Latvia | 8.1% |
United States | 6.4% |
Netherlands | 5.4% |
Norway | 5.0% |
Saudi Arabia | 4.5% |
Sweden | 4.0% |
Italy | 3.9% |
Estonia | 3.9% |
China | 3.8% |
France | 3.2% |
Finland | 2.3% |
Belgium | 2.2% |
Czech Republic | 2.1% |
United Kingdom | 1.9% |
Spain | 1.7% |
Denmark | 1.6% |
Ukraine | 1.1% |
Austria | 1.1% |
See More Countries | 53.0% |
Source: Comtrade, 2024. Because of rounding, the sum of the percentages may be smaller/greater than 100%.
Source: Comtrade, 2024. Because of rounding, the sum of the percentages may be smaller/greater than 100%.
To go further, check out our service Import-Export Flows.
17.4 bn USD of services exported in 2022 | |
57.60% | |
15.67% | |
Miscellaneous business,...Miscellaneous business, professional, and technical services | 14.81% |
Research and developmentResearch and development | 0.86% |
10.59% | |
6.83% | |
4.72% | |
3.54% | |
0.58% | |
0.40% | |
0.05% | |
0.01% |
11.8 bn USD of services imported in 2022 | |
51.88% | |
20.19% | |
Miscellaneous business,...Miscellaneous business, professional, and technical services | 19.96% |
Research and developmentResearch and development | 0.22% |
10.22% | |
7.20% | |
4.33% | |
3.11% | |
1.08% | |
0.78% | |
0.71% | |
0.50% |
Source: United Nations Statistics Division, 2024. Because of rounding, the sum of the percentages may be smaller/greater than 100%.
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Actualitzacions: May 2024
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