Lituània: Visió econòmica i política
Lithuania is a very open economy, with foreign trade representing 149% of GDP (World Bank, latest data available). According to Statistics Lithuania, in 2024, Lithuania's exports were predominantly made up of mineral products (14.2%), machinery and mechanical appliances, and electrical equipment (13.6%), followed by products of the chemical and allied industries (11.2%). On the import side, the largest categories were mineral products (18.9%), machinery and mechanical appliances, and electrical equipment (17.5%), along with products of the chemical and allied industries (12.2%). When considering goods of Lithuanian origin, the top exports were mineral products (18.1%), miscellaneous manufactured articles (11.1%), prepared foodstuffs, beverages and spirits, tobacco, and manufactured tobacco substitutes (10.5%), and machinery and mechanical appliances, electrical equipment (9.1%).
In 2024, Lithuania's key export partners were Latvia (11.9%), Poland (9.9%), and Germany (8.7%). On the import side, the largest trading partners were Poland (14%), Germany (12.4%), and Latvia (8.1%). When considering only goods of Lithuanian origin, the main export destinations were Germany (9.9%), Poland (9.6%), the Netherlands (8.7%), Latvia (7.7%), and the United States (6.8% - data Statistics Lithuania).
The country's merchandise trade balance has historically been in deficit, which can largely be explained by the energy imports and, particularly, by the large amount of gas Lithuania imports from Russia. In 2024, compared to 2023, exports decreased by 7.7%, while imports fell by 7.8%. The value of exports was EUR 39.75 billion, and imports amounted to EUR 44.84 billion. Exports fell due to decreases in ground vehicles (24.9%), mineral fuels and oils (12%), and machinery and appliances (15.7%). Imports declined mainly in mineral oils (14.4%), ground vehicles (17.1%), and machinery (11.7%). Excluding mineral products, exports dropped by 7%, while imports decreased by 6.6%. Exports of Lithuanian-origin goods declined by 0.3%, but excluding mineral products, they increased by 2.6%.
Foreign Trade Values | 2019 | 2020 | 2021 | 2022 | 2023 |
Imports of Goods (million USD) | 35,759 | 33,329 | 44,488 | 55,095 | 48,436 |
Exports of Goods (million USD) | 33,151 | 32,805 | 40,706 | 46,485 | 42,639 |
Imports of Services (million USD) | 7,740 | 6,727 | 9,598 | 11,985 | 13,336 |
Exports of Services (million USD) | 13,282 | 12,485 | 16,032 | 18,260 | 21,164 |
Source: World Trade Organisation (WTO) ; Latest available data
Foreign Trade Indicators | 2019 | 2020 | 2021 | 2022 | 2023 |
Foreign Trade (in % of GDP) | 148.4 | 135.8 | 154.8 | 175.7 | 149.0 |
Trade Balance (million USD) | -2,634 | -455 | -3,418 | -7,684 | -4,918 |
Trade Balance (Including Service) (million USD) | 2,893 | 5,227 | 3,002 | -1,468 | 3,121 |
Imports of Goods and Services (Annual % Change) | 6.1 | -4.3 | 19.2 | 12.7 | -5.3 |
Exports of Goods and Services (Annual % Change) | 10.0 | 0.1 | 16.6 | 12.4 | -3.4 |
Imports of Goods and Services (in % of GDP) | 71.6 | 63.4 | 75.2 | 88.9 | 72.6 |
Exports of Goods and Services (in % of GDP) | 76.8 | 72.4 | 79.6 | 86.8 | 76.5 |
Source: World Bank ; Latest available data
Foreign Trade Forecasts | 2024 | 2025 (e) | 2026 (e) | 2027 (e) | 2028 (e) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Volume of exports of goods and services (Annual % change) | 2.0 | 4.8 | 3.7 | 4.0 | 4.0 |
Volume of imports of goods and services (Annual % change) | 1.5 | 4.9 | 4.2 | 4.4 | 4.3 |
Source: IMF, World Economic Outlook ; Latest available data
Note: (e) Estimated Data
Main Customers (% of Exports) |
2023 |
Latvia | 10.8% |
Poland | 9.3% |
Germany | 7.8% |
Netherlands | 5.9% |
Estonia | 5.5% |
Russia | 5.4% |
United States | 4.8% |
Belarus | 4.3% |
Sweden | 4.0% |
United Kingdom | 3.8% |
Ukraine | 3.1% |
France | 2.6% |
Norway | 2.5% |
Denmark | 2.3% |
Italy | 2.2% |
Finland | 1.9% |
Kazakhstan | 1.7% |
Spain | 1.5% |
Türkiye | 1.4% |
Belgium | 1.3% |
See More Countries | 60.8% |
Main Suppliers (% of Imports) |
2023 |
Germany | 13.8% |
Poland | 13.2% |
Latvia | 8.1% |
United States | 6.4% |
Netherlands | 5.4% |
Norway | 5.0% |
Saudi Arabia | 4.5% |
Sweden | 4.0% |
Italy | 3.9% |
Estonia | 3.9% |
China | 3.8% |
France | 3.2% |
Finland | 2.3% |
Belgium | 2.2% |
Czech Republic | 2.1% |
United Kingdom | 1.9% |
Spain | 1.7% |
Denmark | 1.6% |
Ukraine | 1.1% |
Austria | 1.1% |
See More Countries | 53.0% |
Source: Comtrade, 2024. Because of rounding, the sum of the percentages may be smaller/greater than 100%.
Source: Comtrade, 2024. Because of rounding, the sum of the percentages may be smaller/greater than 100%.
To go further, check out our service Import-Export Flows.
20.5 bn USD of services exported in 2023 | |
49.82% | |
18.46% | |
Miscellaneous business,...Miscellaneous business, professional, and technical services | 17.91% |
Research and developmentResearch and development | 0.55% |
11.14% | |
8.76% | |
7.25% | |
3.46% | |
0.64% | |
0.34% | |
0.08% | |
0.04% |
13.2 bn USD of services imported in 2023 | |
47.12% | |
21.14% | |
Miscellaneous business,...Miscellaneous business, professional, and technical services | 20.90% |
Research and developmentResearch and development | 0.25% |
14.12% | |
8.45% | |
3.94% | |
1.82% | |
1.21% | |
0.90% | |
0.74% | |
0.56% |
Source: United Nations Statistics Division, 2024. Because of rounding, the sum of the percentages may be smaller/greater than 100%.
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Actualitzacions: May 2025
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