Lituània: Visió econòmica i política
Lithuania is a very open economy, with foreign trade representing 138.5% of GDP (World Bank, latest data available). According to Statistics Lithuania, in 2021 the country’s main exports were in the chemical and related industries (14.9%), machinery and electrical equipment (13.5%), and mineral products (10%). Lithuania mostly imported machinery and mechanical equipment (17.8%), mineral products (17.3%), and chemical and related products (12.2%).
The European Union is Lithuania’s major trading partner. Its exports are mostly destined to Russia (13.4%), Latvia (9.2%), Germany (8.1%) and Poland (6.4%). The main origins of Lithuania’s imports were Poland (13%), Germany (12.9%), Russia (8.8%), Latvia (7.8%) and the Netherlands (5.5%).
The country's merchandise trade balance has historically been in deficit, which can largely be explained by the country's energy imports and, particularly, by the large amount of gas it imports from Russia. In 2021, Lithuania exported goods worth EUR 34.5 billion, with imports amounting to EUR 37.5 billion. Compared to a year before, exports in 2021 increased by 20.3% and imports by 28.5%. However, the balance of services is generally positive: in the first three quarters of 2021 exports stood at EUR 3.2 billion (+17.8%) as imports grew at a faster pace, to EUR 2 billion (+39.1% y-o-y – Statistics Lithuania).
Foreign Trade Values | 2017 | 2018 | 2019 | 2020 | 2021 |
Imports of Goods (million USD) | 32,258 | 36,502 | 35,759 | 33,140 | 44,585 |
Exports of Goods (million USD) | 29,901 | 33,337 | 33,151 | 32,767 | 40,828 |
Imports of Services (million USD) | 5,871 | 7,050 | 7,692 | 6,504 | 9,061 |
Exports of Services (million USD) | 9,408 | 11,330 | 13,191 | 12,253 | 15,214 |
Source: World Trade Organisation (WTO) ; Latest available data
Foreign Trade Indicators | 2017 | 2018 | 2019 | 2020 | 2021 |
Foreign Trade (in % of GDP) | 144.9 | 148.6 | 149.3 | 137.2 | 156.5 |
Trade Balance (million USD) | -2,307 | -3,367 | -2,634 | -451 | -3,414 |
Trade Balance (Including Service) (million USD) | 1,130 | 959 | 2,904 | 5,307 | 3,020 |
Imports of Goods and Services (Annual % Change) | 11.1 | 6.0 | 6.0 | -4.5 | 19.9 |
Exports of Goods and Services (Annual % Change) | 13.5 | 6.8 | 10.1 | 0.4 | 17.0 |
Imports of Goods and Services (in % of GDP) | 71.3 | 73.4 | 72.0 | 63.9 | 76.0 |
Exports of Goods and Services (in % of GDP) | 73.6 | 75.2 | 77.3 | 73.3 | 80.5 |
Source: World Bank ; Latest available data
Foreign Trade Forecasts | 2022 | 2023 (e) | 2024 (e) | 2025 (e) | 2026 (e) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Volume of exports of goods and services (Annual % change) | -2.2 | 1.7 | 4.3 | 3.5 | 3.4 |
Volume of imports of goods and services (Annual % change) | 0.0 | 3.8 | 5.7 | 4.7 | 4.2 |
Source: IMF, World Economic Outlook ; Latest available data
Note: (e) Estimated Data
Main Customers (% of Exports) |
2021 |
Russia | 10.8% |
Latvia | 9.3% |
Germany | 8.2% |
Poland | 7.9% |
United States | 6.3% |
Netherlands | 5.1% |
Estonia | 4.9% |
Sweden | 4.5% |
United Kingdom | 3.9% |
Ukraine | 3.8% |
Belarus | 3.0% |
Norway | 2.6% |
Denmark | 2.5% |
France | 2.4% |
Italy | 2.3% |
Belgium | 2.0% |
Finland | 1.8% |
Türkiye | 1.5% |
Spain | 1.3% |
Czech Republic | 1.2% |
See More Countries | 57.5% |
Main Suppliers (% of Imports) |
2021 |
Germany | 12.8% |
Poland | 12.1% |
Russia | 11.9% |
Latvia | 7.7% |
Netherlands | 5.3% |
Italy | 4.5% |
China | 4.2% |
Sweden | 3.8% |
Belarus | 3.5% |
Estonia | 3.4% |
France | 3.2% |
Kazakhstan | 2.9% |
Finland | 2.8% |
United States | 2.5% |
Belgium | 2.5% |
Czech Republic | 1.9% |
Spain | 1.7% |
Denmark | 1.5% |
Ukraine | 1.2% |
Austria | 1.2% |
See More Countries | 50.3% |
Source: Comtrade, 2022. Because of rounding, the sum of the percentages may be smaller/greater than 100%.
Source: Comtrade, 2022. Because of rounding, the sum of the percentages may be smaller/greater than 100%.
To go further, check out our service Import Export Flows.
2.0 bn USD of services exported in 2020 | |
49.17% | |
29.76% | |
Personal travelPersonal travel | 23.53% |
OtherOther | 23.53% |
Business travelBusiness travel | 6.22% |
OtherOther | 6.22% |
10.93% | |
4.86% | |
Telecommunications servicesTelecommunications services | 4.86% |
2.48% | |
2.28% | |
0.43% | |
Franchises and similar rightsFranchises and similar rights | 0.04% |
0.09% |
1.4 bn USD of services imported in 2020 | |
38.57% | |
Personal travelPersonal travel | 31.35% |
OtherOther | 31.35% |
Business travelBusiness travel | 7.22% |
OtherOther | 7.22% |
27.79% | |
Information servicesInformation services | 3.29% |
Other information provision...Other information provision services | 3.22% |
News agency servicesNews agency services | 0.07% |
7.17% | |
Telecommunications servicesTelecommunications services | 7.17% |
5.70% | |
5.60% | |
Construction in the compiling...Construction in the compiling economy | 5.60% |
5.53% | |
Franchises and similar rightsFranchises and similar rights | 1.14% |
3.54% | |
3.19% | |
Freight insuranceFreight insurance | 1.66% |
ReinsuranceReinsurance | 0.86% |
Other direct insuranceOther direct insurance | 0.58% |
Life insurance and pension fundingLife insurance and pension funding | 0.04% |
2.91% |
Source: United Nations Statistics Division, 2023. Because of rounding, the sum of the percentages may be smaller/greater than 100%.
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Actualitzacions: January 2023
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