Macedònia del Nord: Visió econòmica i política
North Macedonia has an open economy and is highly integrated into international trade, with a total trade-to-GDP ratio of over 129.1% (World Bank, latest data available). The country mainly exports reaction initiators and accelerators (20%), centrifuges (11.7%), and insulated wires (8.6%); importing platinum (13%), ceramic wares (4.3%), and petroleum oils (4.1%).
In 2020, its main export partners were Germany, which accounted for almost half of total exports alone (47.2%), Serbia (7.9%), Bulgaria (4.7%), and Greece (3%); with the main import origins being the United Kingdom (15.6%), Germany (10.7%), Serbia (7.8%), and China (6.9% - data Comtrade).
North Macedonia became a member of the WTO (World Trade Organisation) in April 2003. Following a cooperation agreement with 22the EU, North Macedonia signed a Stabilisation and Association Agreement in April 2001, which concedes the country duty-free access to European markets. Lastly, in 2006 the country became a member of the Central European Free Trade Agreement (CEFTA), generally considered as the antechamber of the EU.
North Macedonia's trade structure has been traditionally in deficit, however, the gap between imports and exports had been gradually decreasing in recent years. In 2020, the country exported goods worth USD 6.6 billion – a 7.7% decrease compared to the previous year – importing USD 8.7 billion (-8%). With regard to services, North Macedonia exported USD 1.6 billion of commercial services, importing USD 1.1 billion (data by WTO). The World Bank estimates the country’s 2020 overall trade deficit at 12.8% of GDP.
According to preliminary data from the State Statistical Office, the total value of exported goods from the Republic of North Macedonia in the period January-December 2021 amounted to USD 8.1 billion, a 19.7% increase compared to the same period one year earlier; whereas the value of imported goods stood at USD 11.4 billion, 26.8% more year-on-year. In the same year Germany, Great Britain, Serbia, Greece and China were the most important trade partners.
Foreign Trade Values | 2017 | 2018 | 2019 | 2020 | 2021 |
Imports of Goods (million USD) | 7,723 | 9,050 | 9,471 | 8,710 | 11,386 |
Exports of Goods (million USD) | 5,668 | 6,911 | 7,189 | 6,635 | 8,186 |
Imports of Services (million USD) | 1,183 | 1,397 | 1,418 | 1,118 | 1,460 |
Exports of Services (million USD) | 1,628 | 1,854 | 1,821 | 1,643 | 2,058 |
Source: World Trade Organisation (WTO) ; Latest available data
Foreign Trade Indicators | 2017 | 2018 | 2019 | 2020 | 2021 |
Foreign Trade (in % of GDP) | 124.1 | 133.2 | 138.6 | 128.2 | 148.5 |
Trade Balance (million USD) | -2,014 | -2,055 | -2,182 | -2,060 | -2,792 |
Trade Balance (Including Service) (million USD) | -1,588 | -1,612 | -1,805 | -1,583 | -2,197 |
Imports of Goods and Services (Annual % Change) | 5.2 | 10.7 | 10.1 | -10.9 | 13.9 |
Exports of Goods and Services (Annual % Change) | 8.3 | 12.8 | 8.9 | -10.9 | 12.3 |
Imports of Goods and Services (in % of GDP) | 69.0 | 72.8 | 76.2 | 70.5 | 82.3 |
Exports of Goods and Services (in % of GDP) | 55.1 | 60.4 | 62.4 | 57.8 | 66.2 |
Source: World Bank ; Latest available data
Foreign Trade Forecasts | 2022 | 2023 (e) | 2024 (e) | 2025 (e) | 2026 (e) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Volume of exports of goods and services (Annual % change) | 6.5 | 6.2 | 7.8 | 8.0 | 6.3 |
Volume of imports of goods and services (Annual % change) | 8.5 | 6.5 | 7.3 | 7.1 | 6.2 |
Source: IMF, World Economic Outlook ; Latest available data
Note: (e) Estimated Data
Main Customers (% of Exports) |
2020 |
Germany | 47.2% |
Serbia | 7.9% |
Bulgaria | 4.7% |
Greece | 3.0% |
Hungary | 3.0% |
Belgium | 2.7% |
Italy | 2.5% |
China | 2.5% |
United Kingdom | 2.4% |
Netherlands | 1.9% |
Romania | 1.8% |
Spain | 1.5% |
Slovakia | 1.5% |
Türkiye | 1.5% |
Croatia | 1.4% |
Bosnia and Herzegovina | 1.4% |
Slovenia | 1.3% |
Albania | 1.3% |
Austria | 1.1% |
Czech Republic | 1.1% |
See More Countries | 34.3% |
Main Suppliers (% of Imports) |
2020 |
United Kingdom | 15.6% |
Germany | 10.7% |
Serbia | 7.8% |
China | 6.9% |
Greece | 5.9% |
Türkiye | 5.1% |
Italy | 4.5% |
Bulgaria | 4.1% |
Poland | 2.8% |
United States | 2.7% |
Romania | 2.4% |
Hungary | 2.4% |
Slovenia | 1.8% |
Russia | 1.7% |
Japan | 1.7% |
Czech Republic | 1.7% |
Netherlands | 1.5% |
France | 1.5% |
Austria | 1.5% |
Croatia | 1.2% |
See More Countries | 53.2% |
Source: Comtrade, 2022. Because of rounding, the sum of the percentages may be smaller/greater than 100%.
Source: Comtrade, 2022. Because of rounding, the sum of the percentages may be smaller/greater than 100%.
To go further, check out our service Import Export Flows.
0.0 bn USD of services exported in 2020 | |
52.91% | |
41.90% | |
Miscellaneous business,...Miscellaneous business, professional, and technical services | 40.95% |
Research and developmentResearch and development | 0.95% |
3.01% | |
1.60% | |
0.36% | |
0.21% | |
0.02% |
0.0 bn USD of services imported in 2020 | |
38.49% | |
28.57% | |
Miscellaneous business,...Miscellaneous business, professional, and technical services | 28.20% |
Research and developmentResearch and development | 0.38% |
19.44% | |
4.73% | |
4.10% | |
2.43% | |
1.33% | |
0.90% |
Source: United Nations Statistics Division, 2023. Because of rounding, the sum of the percentages may be smaller/greater than 100%.
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Actualitzacions: January 2023
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