El marc polític de Madagascar

Political Outline

Current Political Leaders: President: Andry RAJOELINA (since 21 January 2019, re-elected in December 2023)
Prime Minister: Christian NTSAY (since 6 June 2018 and re-appointed 19 July 2019)
Next Election Dates: Presidential: November 2028
Senate: December 2025
National Assembly: May 2029
Main Political Parties: The main parties in Madagascar include:
- Young Malagasies Determined (TGV): Centre‑left, social democratic, reformist
- Group of Young Malagasy Patriots (GJMP): Youthful, nationalist, and conservative
- I Love Madagascar (TIM): Populist, nationalist, pro‑business
- Isika Rehetra Miaraka amin'i Andry Rajoelina coalition (IRD): Pro‑Rajoelina, pragmatic, reformist
- Malagasy Aware (MTS): Progressive, civic‑focused
- Malagasy Tia Tanindrazana (MATITA/ANGADY): Patriotic, nationalist, conservative
- Movement for Democracy in Madagascar (MDM): Pro‑democracy, centrist, liberal‑leaning
- Rally for Democratic Socialism (RPSD Vaovao): Left‑wing, democratic socialist
Executive Power: The President of the Republic is elected by direct universal suffrage for a 5-year term, renewable once. He appoints the Prime Minister, taking into account the parliamentary majority if there is one. He can dissolve the National Assembly, but not in the first or last year of his mandate and no more than once per year. The National Assembly can, for its part, vote a motion of censure demanding the resignation of the Prime Minister and his government, which requires an absolute majority to pass.
Legislative Power: Legislative power is shared between the government and Parliament, which consists of two chambers: the National Assembly and the Senate. The National Assembly is composed of 163 members elected by direct universal suffrage for a five-year term. The Senate is made up of 18 senators, two-thirds of whom are elected by an electoral college, while the other third are appointed by the President. All senators serve a five-year term.

Indicator of Political Freedom

The Indicator of Political Freedom provides an annual evaluation of the state of freedom in a country as experienced by individuals. The survey measures freedom according to two broad categories: political rights and civil liberties. The ratings process is based on a checklist of 10 political rights questions (on Electoral Process, Political Pluralism and Participation, Functioning of Government) and 15 civil liberties questions (on Freedom of Expression, Belief, Associational and Organizational Rights, Rule of Law, Personal Autonomy and Individual Rights). Scores are awarded to each of these questions on a scale of 0 to 4, where a score of 0 represents the smallest degree and 4 the greatest degree of rights or liberties present. The total score awarded to the political rights and civil liberties checklist determines the political rights and civil liberties rating. Each rating of 1 through 7, with 1 representing the highest and 7 the lowest level of freedom, corresponds to a range of total scores.

Political Freedom:: 3/7

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