Xifres de comerç exterior de Moldàvia

Foreign Trade in Figures

International trade represents around 95% of Moldova's GDP (World Bank, latest data available). The country is a member of the World Trade Organization (WTO) and has signed 47 free trade agreements, including those with the EU, Turkey, the UK, and the Commonwealth of Independent States. According to data by the National Bureau of Statistics, in 2023, the country’s main exports were vegetable products (24.0%), machinery and mechanical appliances; electrical equipment (17.9%), prepared foodstuffs; beverages, spirits and vinegar; tobacco (12.0%), mineral products (11.7%), and textiles and textile articles (8.7%); whereas imports were led by mineral products (23.0%), machinery and mechanical appliances; electrical equipment (17.2%), products of the chemical or allied industries (10.1%), vehicles, aircraft, vessels and associated transport equipment (8.0%), prepared foodstuffs; beverages, spirits and vinegar; tobacco (6.3%).

Traditionally, exports were directed mainly to Russia, but since 2009 more than half of Moldova’s exports have been destined for EU markets. In 2023, the country’s main trading partners were Romania (35.1%), Ukraine (14.7%), Italy (6.4%), Germany (5.5%), and Czechia (4.0%); with imports coming chiefly from Romania (15.0%), Ukraine (12.4%), China (11.7%), Turkey (8.5%), Germany (7.1%), and Italy (5.4%). Overall, the European Union absorbed 65.4% of Moldova's exports and 48.3% of its imports (data National Bureau of Statistics).

Moldova’s trade balance is structurally in deficit. According to data by WTO, in 2023, the country exported USD 4 billion worth of goods against USD 8.6 billion in imports (-6.5% and -5.9% y-o-y, respectively). Concerning services, exports (at USD 2.5 billion) were higher than imports (USD 1.5 billion). Data from the World Bank shows that the country’s trade balance on goods and services was negative by 24.1% of GDP in 2023 (from 28.3% one year earlier). Preliminary figures from the National Bureau of Statistics point out that, in 2024, Moldova's trade deficit grew 19.1% to USD 5.51 billion, with a USD 2.15 billion gap with the EU (up 39.7%) and USD 104.7 million with the CIS (down 50%). Exports dropped 12.2% to USD 3.56 billion, including Moldovan goods (USD 2.71 billion, -5.6%) and re-exports (USD 846.8 million, -28.1%). Exports to the EU fell by 9.6% to USD 2.39 billion and to the CIS by 19.9% to USD 241.6 million. Imports rose by 4.5% to USD 9.07 billion, including USD 4.55 billion from the EU (+8.6%) and USD 346.3 million from the CIS (-35.2%).