Moldàvia: Visió econòmica i política
International Trade represents over 77% of Moldova's GDP (World Bank, latest data available). The country mainly exports insulated electric conductors, sunflower seeds, wine of fresh grapes and seats and parts thereof; while imports are driven by petroleum oils, medicaments and motor cars.
Traditionally, exports were directed mainly to Russia, but since 2009 more than half of Moldova’s exports have been destined for EU markets (also thanks to a strategic agreement on customs co-operation signed with the EU, which aims to increase cooperation and promote trade with the two entities). In 2020, the country’s main trading partners were Romania (28.6%), Germany (9.1%) and Russia (8.8%); whereas imports came chiefly from China (11.9%), Romania (11.7%), and Russia(11.1%). The European Union received 68.8% of total Moldova’s exports and was the origin of 49.5% of its imports. Exports of goods to the countries of the European Union (EU-27) totalled USD 1.9 billion in 2021 (17% more compared to 2020), accounting for 61.% of total exports.
Overall, Moldova's trade deficit widened by 36.7% on the year in 2021, to USD 4.032 billion according to the country's statistics bureau. Moldova's exports were 24.5% higher on the year, while imports rose by 32.2% during 2021.
Foreign Trade Values | 2017 | 2018 | 2019 | 2020 | 2021 |
Imports of Goods (million USD) | 4,831 | 5,760 | 5,843 | 5,416 | 7,177 |
Exports of Goods (million USD) | 2,425 | 2,706 | 2,779 | 2,485 | 3,144 |
Imports of Services (million USD) | 901 | 1,089 | 1,161 | 859 | 1,177 |
Exports of Services (million USD) | 1,214 | 1,442 | 1,512 | 1,250 | 1,635 |
Source: World Trade Organisation (WTO) ; Latest available data
Foreign Trade Indicators | 2017 | 2018 | 2019 | 2020 | 2021 |
Foreign Trade (in % of GDP) | 85.6 | 85.9 | 85.9 | 77.1 | 88.6 |
Trade Balance (million USD) | -2,559 | -3,294 | -3,312 | -3,094 | -4,190 |
Trade Balance (Including Service) (million USD) | -2,255 | -2,938 | -2,946 | -2,696 | -3,718 |
Imports of Goods and Services (Annual % Change) | 11.0 | 9.7 | 6.2 | -5.0 | 19.2 |
Exports of Goods and Services (Annual % Change) | 10.9 | 7.2 | 8.2 | -9.6 | 17.5 |
Imports of Goods and Services (in % of GDP) | 54.5 | 55.7 | 55.3 | 49.9 | 58.0 |
Exports of Goods and Services (in % of GDP) | 31.1 | 30.1 | 30.6 | 27.1 | 30.6 |
Source: World Bank ; Latest available data
Foreign Trade Forecasts | 2022 | 2023 (e) | 2024 (e) | 2025 (e) | 2026 (e) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Volume of exports of goods and services (Annual % change) | 2.0 | 5.4 | 6.1 | 6.0 | 5.9 |
Volume of imports of goods and services (Annual % change) | -1.7 | 4.4 | 5.7 | 5.0 | 5.5 |
Source: IMF, World Economic Outlook ; Latest available data
Note: (e) Estimated Data
Main Customers (% of Exports) |
2021 |
Romania | 26.5% |
Türkiye | 10.0% |
Russia | 8.8% |
Germany | 7.8% |
Italy | 7.6% |
Switzerland | 3.8% |
Poland | 3.5% |
Ukraine | 3.0% |
Czech Republic | 2.5% |
Bulgaria | 2.5% |
Belarus | 2.2% |
United Kingdom | 2.1% |
Spain | 2.0% |
Greece | 1.4% |
Hungary | 1.3% |
Netherlands | 1.1% |
France | 1.0% |
United States | 1.0% |
Lebanon | 0.8% |
Serbia | 0.8% |
See More Countries | 39.3% |
Main Suppliers (% of Imports) |
2021 |
Russia | 14.7% |
China | 11.7% |
Romania | 11.6% |
Ukraine | 9.3% |
Germany | 7.6% |
Türkiye | 7.6% |
Italy | 6.2% |
Poland | 3.6% |
France | 2.4% |
Belarus | 2.0% |
Hungary | 1.7% |
Czech Republic | 1.6% |
United States | 1.5% |
Spain | 1.4% |
Austria | 1.4% |
Bulgaria | 1.1% |
Netherlands | 1.1% |
Japan | 0.9% |
United Kingdom | 0.9% |
South Korea | 0.8% |
See More Countries | 45.2% |
Source: Comtrade, 2022. Because of rounding, the sum of the percentages may be smaller/greater than 100%.
Source: Comtrade, 2022. Because of rounding, the sum of the percentages may be smaller/greater than 100%.
To go further, check out our service Import Export Flows.
Source: United Nations Statistics Division, 2023. Because of rounding, the sum of the percentages may be smaller/greater than 100%.
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Actualitzacions: January 2023
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