Niger is open to foreign trade, which represented 38% of the country's GDP in 2021 (World Bank). The country aims to implement the trade policy of the WAEMU and is integrated into the generalized system of preferences (GSP) of the EU. Customs duties are not very high. Production costs, limited credit facilities and import-export activities through the informal sector have limited the development of international trade. The country mainly exports petroleum products (38.6% of total exports), uranium (28.6%), gold (12%), vegetables (5.7%), live animals, palm oil, vehicles and machinery. The main imported products are rice (16.9% of total imports), vehicles (8.2%), machinery (8.1%),
air vehicle parts (7.9%), mineral fuels (5.2%), medicines (4.7%) electrical machinery (4.3%), iron, food and ammunition and weapons (International Trade Centre, 2021).
Niger's main customers are France (23.2% of total exports), Mali (21.8%), Burkina Faso (14.4%), Nigeria (10%), the United Arab Emirates (9.1%), Canada (6.7%) and Ghana (5.2%). Its main suppliers are China (18.7% of total imports), France (14.1%), India (8.5%), Nigeria (7.5%), the United States (6.4%), Thailand (6%) and Japan (4.2%) (International Trade Centre, 2021).
Niger's trade balance is in deficit. In 2020, the trade balance deficit reached USD 2.2 billion (World Bank). In 2021, Niger exported USD 1.211 billion in goods, and imported USD 2.741 billion. Exports of services reached USD 149 million while imports amounted to USD 1.023 billion (WTO). Trade deficit is expected to shrink owing to the increase in oil exports and the recovery in gold and uranium sales, combined with lower global food prices (Coface).
Foreign Trade Indicators | 2017 | 2018 | 2019 | 2020 | 2021 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Imports of Goods (million USD) | 1,952 | 2,281 | 2,326 | 2,378 | 2,741 |
Exports of Goods (million USD) | 1,206 | 1,202 | 1,126 | 998 | 1,211 |
Imports of Services (million USD) | 971 | 1,078 | 1,061 | 1,157 | 1,029 |
Exports of Services (million USD) | 204 | 225 | 237 | 206 | 164 |
Imports of Goods and Services (Annual % Change) | 12 | 9 | 6 | 3 | 7 |
Exports of Goods and Services (Annual % Change) | 15 | -4 | 1 | -6 | 7 |
Trade Balance (million USD) | -748 | -1,079 | -1,200 | -1,351 | n/a |
Foreign Trade (in % of GDP) | 40 | 38 | 38 | 36 | 38 |
Imports of Goods and Services (in % of GDP) | 26 | 26 | 26 | 26 | 27 |
Exports of Goods and Services (in % of GDP) | 13 | 12 | 11 | 10 | 10 |
Source: WTO – World Trade Organisation ; World Bank - Latest available data.
Main Customers (% of Exports) |
2022 |
---|---|
France | 33.2% |
Mali | 18.7% |
Nigeria | 16.0% |
United Arab Emirates | 8.9% |
South Africa | 7.0% |
Burkina Faso | 3.8% |
Benin | 3.8% |
Ghana | 3.0% |
Chad | 1.9% |
United States | 1.0% |
Germany | 0.7% |
Ivory Coast | 0.5% |
Spain | 0.4% |
Togo | 0.3% |
Mauritania | 0.2% |
China | 0.1% |
Guinea | 0.1% |
Algeria | 0.1% |
Switzerland | 0.1% |
Senegal | 0.1% |
See More Countries | 16.2% |
Main Suppliers (% of Imports) |
2022 |
---|---|
China | 23.9% |
France | 21.0% |
India | 10.3% |
Nigeria | 7.7% |
Germany | 5.1% |
Thailand | 3.7% |
United States | 3.2% |
Pakistan | 2.5% |
United Arab Emirates | 2.5% |
Japan | 1.8% |
Ivory Coast | 1.7% |
Ghana | 1.6% |
Türkiye | 1.3% |
Algeria | 1.2% |
Togo | 1.0% |
Belgium | 1.0% |
Myanmar | 0.7% |
Indonesia | 0.7% |
Burkina Faso | 0.6% |
Ireland | 0.6% |
See More Countries | 32.1% |
Source: Comtrade, Latest Available Data
Source: Comtrade, Latest Available Data
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Latest Update: November 2023
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