Noruega: Visió econòmica i política
Norway has a very open economy, with trade representing 71% of GDP (World Bank, latest data available). Traditionally, the country exports energy-intensive products and imports high-technology items. Norway is among the top 20 exporters of oil and the second-largest natural gas and seafood exporter in the world. Fish was the main export in 2022 (21.39% of the total), followed by manufactured goods (20.9%) and fuels (20.7% - data Statistics Norway). In the same year, imports were led by motor cars (8.1%), petroleum (6.6%), and nickel (3%).
The country's main trade partners are generally member states of the European Union (67.5% and 55.5% of total exports and imports in 2022, respectively). In terms of countries, Germany (27.6%) was the main destination, followed by the UK (22.3%), France (9.3%), Belgium (7.5%), and the Netherlands (6.3%). Sweden was the main supplier of goods and services in Norway (12.6%), ahead of China (12.3%), Germany (11.4%), the United States (6.2%) and Denmark (4.6% - data Statistics Norway).
In 2022, Norwegian foreign trade experienced an outstanding year: the dynamics of energy prices significantly influenced the country's exports, while concurrently, elevated inflation played a role in increasing both imports and exports in nominal terms. Export prices saw a more pronounced growth compared to import prices. Overall, the trade balance in goods and services recorded a notable increase, reaching NOK 1,579 billion compared to the previous year's figure of NOK 544 billion (Statistics Norway). According to data from WTO, total exports reached USD 249.8 billion (+56% y-o-y), with imports increasing at a slower pace (USD 105.5 billion, +7.9%). Meanwhile, services exports stood at USD 50.6 billion, against USD 53.4 billion in imports (+22.6% and +27%, respectively – WTO). According to preliminary data from Statistics Norway, in the first eleven months of 2023 goods exports totalled NOK 1,717 million (-28.9% y-o-y), whereas imports stood at NOK 944 million (+0.7% y-o-y).
Foreign Trade Values | 2019 | 2020 | 2021 | 2022 | 2023 |
Imports of Goods (million USD) | 85,319 | 80,447 | 97,764 | 105,545 | 95,292 |
Exports of Goods (million USD) | 102,799 | 84,459 | 160,106 | 249,805 | 173,906 |
Imports of Services (million USD) | 52,625 | 39,527 | 42,053 | 57,230 | 61,371 |
Exports of Services (million USD) | 42,905 | 34,113 | 41,274 | 52,211 | 52,012 |
Source: World Trade Organisation (WTO) ; Latest available data
Foreign Trade Indicators | 2018 | 2019 | 2020 | 2021 | 2022 |
Foreign Trade (in % of GDP) | 70.0 | 70.9 | 65.4 | 70.5 | 83.0 |
Trade Balance (million USD) | 33,816 | 15,789 | 2,065 | 63,675 | 166,982 |
Trade Balance (Including Service) (million USD) | 25,065 | 6,069 | -3,348 | 62,897 | 164,152 |
Imports of Goods and Services (Annual % Change) | 1.4 | 5.3 | -9.9 | 1.7 | 9.3 |
Exports of Goods and Services (Annual % Change) | -1.5 | 2.1 | -2.3 | 5.8 | 5.9 |
Imports of Goods and Services (in % of GDP) | 31.8 | 34.3 | 33.1 | 28.8 | 27.3 |
Exports of Goods and Services (in % of GDP) | 38.2 | 36.6 | 32.2 | 41.7 | 55.7 |
Source: World Bank ; Latest available data
Foreign Trade Forecasts | 2023 | 2024 (e) | 2025 (e) | 2026 (e) | 2027 (e) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Volume of exports of goods and services (Annual % change) | 1.4 | 3.4 | 2.7 | 1.7 | 1.7 |
Volume of imports of goods and services (Annual % change) | 0.7 | 1.7 | 2.1 | 2.3 | 2.3 |
Source: IMF, World Economic Outlook ; Latest available data
Note: (e) Estimated Data
Main Customers (% of Exports) |
2023 |
United Kingdom | 19.0% |
Germany | 19.0% |
Netherlands | 8.3% |
Sweden | 7.7% |
Poland | 6.1% |
France | 5.9% |
Belgium | 5.5% |
Denmark | 5.0% |
Finland | 3.3% |
United States | 3.2% |
China | 2.0% |
Italy | 1.7% |
Spain | 1.3% |
Lithuania | 0.9% |
South Korea | 0.7% |
Nigeria | 0.7% |
Türkiye | 0.6% |
Iceland | 0.6% |
Japan | 0.5% |
Portugal | 0.5% |
See More Countries | 39.8% |
Main Suppliers (% of Imports) |
2023 |
Germany | 11.4% |
China | 11.1% |
Sweden | 10.8% |
United States | 7.6% |
Netherlands | 4.8% |
Denmark | 4.7% |
United Kingdom | 4.5% |
Poland | 3.6% |
Italy | 3.1% |
France | 2.8% |
Finland | 2.5% |
Canada | 2.3% |
Spain | 2.2% |
Belgium | 2.1% |
Brazil | 2.0% |
Japan | 1.8% |
Czech Republic | 1.3% |
Lithuania | 1.3% |
Vietnam | 1.0% |
Switzerland | 1.0% |
See More Countries | 54.3% |
Source: Comtrade, 2024. Because of rounding, the sum of the percentages may be smaller/greater than 100%.
Source: Comtrade, 2024. Because of rounding, the sum of the percentages may be smaller/greater than 100%.
To go further, check out our service Import-Export Flows.
48.1 bn USD of services exported in 2022 | |
47.67% | |
25.16% | |
Miscellaneous business,...Miscellaneous business, professional, and technical services | 24.18% |
Research and developmentResearch and development | 0.98% |
11.42% | |
7.32% | |
3.15% | |
2.34% | |
0.92% | |
0.90% | |
0.86% | |
0.26% |
50.9 bn USD of services imported in 2022 | |
27.59% | |
24.94% | |
Miscellaneous business,...Miscellaneous business, professional, and technical services | 23.65% |
Research and developmentResearch and development | 1.29% |
24.45% | |
13.73% | |
3.31% | |
2.73% | |
1.47% | |
1.08% | |
0.50% | |
0.20% |
Source: United Nations Statistics Division, 2024. Because of rounding, the sum of the percentages may be smaller/greater than 100%.
Vols fer algun comentari sobre aquest contingut? Escriu-nos.
© eexpand, Tots els drets reservats.
Actualitzacions: July 2024
Utilitzem cookies per assegurar la teva connexió i fer estadístiques sobre el nombre de visites. Per obtenir més informació sobre les cookies i saber com rebutjar-les, visita la nostra pàgina de política de cookies .
Aquesta finestra emergent et permet definir la teva preferència de cookies i decidir quin tipus de cookies vols permetre al teu dispositiu.