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Xifres de comerç exterior de Perú

Foreign Trade in Figures

Peru is a member of the WTO and very open to international trade, which represents 51% of GDP. The country mainly exports copper ores and concentrates (37.5% of total exports in 2023), gold (13.5%), petroleum gas (3.5%), zinc (3.4%), grapes (2.7%), and blueberries (2.6); while its main imports are fuels (17.6%), machinery and equipment (15.5%), transport vehicles (7.4%), cars (3.6%), and poultry (3.5%). In 2023, 45,863 companies were directly involved in the foreign trade of goods and the number of exporters reached a record high, at 9,331 (Mincetur).

In 2023, the country's main export partners were China (36% of the total), the USA (14%), the EU (11%), Canada (5%), and India (4%). The Asian continent accounted for more than half of the export value (51%), followed by America with 33% and Europe with 15%. On the other hand, imports came chiefly from China (25.9%), the United States (21%), the EU (8.9%), Brazil (7.1%), Argentina (5%), Canada (2.3%), and Mexico (3.4% - data Mincetur). Nearly 90% of Peru's exports are covered by Free Trade Agreements currently in force, which enables Peruvian products to enter, subject to the rules of origin of each trade agreement, under preferential conditions to 53 countries, including Canada, Chile, China, the member countries of the European Union, Japan, Singapore, South Korea, Thailand and the United States, among others. The country is seeking to position itself as a regional hub for trade between Latin America and the APEC countries (Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation).

Peru has a structurally positive trade balance. In 2023, exports of goods contracted to USD 60.7 billion (-3.4% y-o-y), but imports decreased at a faster pace (-14.2% y-o-y) and stood at USD 52.3 billion. According to the WTO, imports of services in 2023 totalled USD 13.5 billion, while exports stood at USD 5.7 billion. In the same year, the overall trade balance was positive by 3.3% of GDP (from 0.6% one year earlier – data World Bank). According to preliminary figures from the Central Bank, in 2024, Peru achieved a trade surplus of USD 23.82 billion, surpassing the USD 17.67 billion recorded in 2023 and reaching a figure 3.5 times higher than the pre-pandemic level of USD 6.87 billion in 2019. The country's exports grew by 12.4% compared to 2023, totalling USD 75.91 billion. Meanwhile, imports reached USD 52.09 billion, marking a 4.5% increase from the previous year.

 
Foreign Trade Values 20192020202120222023
Imports of Goods (million USD) 42,28436,14050,89160,97952,306
Exports of Goods (million USD) 46,44439,60059,64862,91160,756
Imports of Services (million USD) 10,6807,57910,71813,60413,528
Exports of Services (million USD) 6,6962,7182,9474,9625,731

Source: World Trade Organisation (WTO) ; Latest available data

Foreign Trade Indicators 20192020202120222023
Foreign Trade (in % of GDP) 46.944.255.357.350.9
Trade Balance (million USD) 6,8798,10215,11510,16617,678
Trade Balance (Including Service) (million USD) 2,9833,2217,5521,68910,337
Imports of Goods and Services (Annual % Change) 1.7-15.525.64.0-1.8
Exports of Goods and Services (Annual % Change) 0.3-16.014.44.55.1
Imports of Goods and Services (in % of GDP) 22.921.226.128.323.8
Exports of Goods and Services (in % of GDP) 24.023.029.128.927.1

Source: World Bank ; Latest available data

Foreign Trade Forecasts 20242025 (e)2026 (e)2027 (e)2028 (e)
Volume of exports of goods and services (Annual % change) -0.10.72.22.72.8
Volume of imports of goods and services (Annual % change) 4.04.34.03.53.4

Source: IMF, World Economic Outlook ; Latest available data

Note: (e) Estimated Data

 
International Economic Cooperation
Andean Community of Nations
The free trade treaty with the United States came into force in February 2009.
Peru signed a Free Trade Agreement with China.
Peru signed a Free Trade Agreement with the European Free Trade Association (EFTA).
Peru is part of the Pacific Alliance.
 

Main Partner Countries

Main Customers
(% of Exports)
2022
China 30.1%
United States 14.5%
Japan 4.9%
Canada 4.5%
South Korea 4.5%
See More Countries 41.6%
Main Suppliers
(% of Imports)
2022
China 26.1%
United States 23.7%
Brazil 7.0%
Argentina 5.0%
Mexico 3.3%
See More Countries 34.8%

Source: Comtrade, 2024. Because of rounding, the sum of the percentages may be smaller/greater than 100%.

 
 

Main Products

58.2 bn USD of products exported in 2022
Copper ores and concentratesCopper ores and concentrates 23.1%
Gold, incl. gold plated with platinum, unwrought...Gold, incl. gold plated with platinum, unwrought or not further worked than semi-manufactured or in powder form 12.7%
Petroleum gas and other gaseous hydrocarbonsPetroleum gas and other gaseous hydrocarbons 5.3%
Copper, refined, and copper alloys, unwrought ...Copper, refined, and copper alloys, unwrought (excl. copper alloys of heading 7405) 4.3%
Petroleum oils and oils obtained from bituminous...Petroleum oils and oils obtained from bituminous minerals (excl. crude); preparations containing >= 70% by weight of petroleum oils or of oils obtained from bituminous minerals, these oils being the basic constituents of the preparations, n.e.s.; waste oils containing mainly petroleum or bituminous minerals 4.1%
See More Products 50.5%
60.3 bn USD of products imported in 2022
Petroleum oils and oils obtained from bituminous...Petroleum oils and oils obtained from bituminous minerals (excl. crude); preparations containing >= 70% by weight of petroleum oils or of oils obtained from bituminous minerals, these oils being the basic constituents of the preparations, n.e.s.; waste oils containing mainly petroleum or bituminous minerals 13.1%
Petroleum oils and oils obtained from bituminous...Petroleum oils and oils obtained from bituminous minerals, crude 4.2%
Motor cars and other motor vehicles principally...Motor cars and other motor vehicles principally designed for the transport of persons, incl. station wagons and racing cars (excl. motor vehicles of heading 8702) 3.0%
Telephone sets, incl. telephones for cellular...Telephone sets, incl. telephones for cellular networks or for other wireless networks; other apparatus for the transmission or reception of voice, images or other data, incl. apparatus for communication in a wired or wireless network [such as a local or wide area network]; parts thereof (excl. than transmission or reception apparatus of heading 8443, 8525, 8527 or 8528) 2.7%
Motor vehicles for the transport of goods, incl....Motor vehicles for the transport of goods, incl. chassis with engine and cab 2.4%
See More Products 74.5%

Source: Comtrade, 2024. Because of rounding, the sum of the percentages may be smaller/greater than 100%.

 
 

To go further, check out our service Import-Export Flows.

 

Main Services

Source: United Nations Statistics Division, 2024. Because of rounding, the sum of the percentages may be smaller/greater than 100%.

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Actualitzacions: May 2025

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