República Txeca: Entorn econòmic
Capital gains obtained by non-resident companies of the EU/EEA or Czech companies investing outside the EU/EEA may be exempt from tax under the following conditions: the non-resident company is a tax resident in a third country with which the Czech Republic has signed a tax treaty; it satisfies the conditions for dividend exemption (10% holding for an uninterrupted period of 12 months) and is subject to a tax in the country of origin comparable to the Czech corporate tax at a minimum rate of 12%.
Charitable donations over CZK 2,000 may be deductible up to 10% of the tax base (30% for donations in the tax periods ending from March 2020 up to the end of February 2023). Accrued interest under the generally accepted Czech accounting principles is in most cases tax-deductible, as are contractual fines and remuneration paid to members of the statutory bodies of a company. Payments for travel expenses and meal allowances for employees are in general deductible.
Doubtful or bad receivables that have not yet become statute-barred may be provisioned under special rules. Generally, provisions can be made for trade receivables overdue for more than 18 months. A 100% provision can be created for debts overdue for 30 months. Banks, insurance companies, and specified financial institutions have their own specific systems for provisioning receivables.
Contractual fines and penalties are tax deductible on a cash basis, while non-contractual fines are not. Road tax, real estate tax, and most taxes, except income taxes, are deductible, as are employer-paid social security contributions for employees. Travel expenses and meal allowances for employees are generally tax-deductible. Fees paid to members of company statutory bodies, such as boards of directors, are also deductible. Royalties, management service fees, and interest charges paid to foreign affiliates are deductible if they are at arm's length and meet general tax deductibility rules.
Tax losses can be carried forward for up to five years (unless there is a significant change in the company's ownership structure). From 2020, tax losses may also be carried back for 2 years (capped at CZK 30 million).
Investment incentives are available for the manufacturing sector and the technology and data centres in the form of exemptions from property tax or corporate income tax, financial support for job creation and employee training. Research and development expenses give rise to a tax allowance of up to 100%. An additional 10% tax credit is granted to companies whose research and development expenses in a tax year exceed those of the previous tax year. Any unused R&D allowance may be carried forward for the next three years.
Companies are subject to a 15% to 35% tax on income paid to a non-resident for technical services, a real estate tax (varies according to the area, location, and usage of the land or buildings), environmental tax and road tax.
The employer contributes 9% of the gross salary of the employee to the health insurance fund and 24.8% for contributions to the social security fund, for a total of 33.8%. The maximum assessment base for social security purposes (i.e., old-age pension contributions and unemployment insurance, applicable in the case of both the employee and the employer, as well as for a self-employed individual) is 48 times the average wage for the calendar year (CZK 2,110,416 for 2024).
An exit tax is levied on the relocation of assets without a change of ownership between a Czech company and its foreign permanent establishment or when a Czech tax resident moves its residency abroad. The rate is the same as that of corporate income tax (21% as of 2024).
The transfer tax (imposed at a rate of 4% of the transaction price or the officially appraised value of the real estate transferred, whichever is higher) has been abolished with retroactive effect, hence it does not apply to real estate whose transfer was registered in the cadastral register on or after 1 December 2019.
A tax is payable annually with respect to vehicles used for commercial purposes, at variable rates according to engine capacity and vehicle size.
No stamp duties are levied in the country.
Major banks and energy companies are be subject to a windfall tax for calendar years 2023 through 2025. This entails a 60% surcharge on their corporate income tax for any profits exceeding their average historical earnings. Banks are subject to a windfall tax if they achieve a net interest income of at least CZK 50 million and had the same income of at least CZK 6 billion in 2021.
Czech Republic | Eastern Europe & Central Asia | United States | Germany | |
Number of Payments of Taxes per Year | 8.0 | 13.9 | 10.6 | 9.0 |
Time Taken For Administrative Formalities (Hours) | 230.0 | 226.2 | 175.0 | 218.0 |
Total Share of Taxes (% of Profit) | 46.1 | 36.5 | 36.6 | 48.8 |
Source: Doing Business, Latest available data.
Personal Income Tax | 2024 |
Gross income up to the social security payment cap (CZK 1,582,812 in 2024 - 36x average monthly salary) | 15% |
Gross income exceeding CZK 1,582,812 | 23% |
Special tax base for selected types of non-Czech investment income (e.g. dividends and interest from abroad) | 15% |
As of 2023, self-employed individuals earning less than CZK 2 million annually (previously CZK 1 million) have the option to voluntarily enroll in a lump sum tax system. This lump sum tax includes social and health insurance charges and aims to simplify administrative procedures. |
Non-residents should have at least 90% of their worldwide income from Czech sources to utilise the available deductions.
In 2024, the annual basic personal tax relief can be claimed in the amount of CZK 30,840. Allowance of up to CZK 24,840 can be claimed by a resident taxpayer whose spouse does not have an annual taxable income higher than CZK 68,000. The basic dependent-spouse relief doubles in case of disability of the spouse. The tax credit for children amounts to CZK 15,204 for the first, CZK 22,320 for the second, and CZK 27,840 for the third and other following dependent child, under certain conditions; if the total tax is lower than the respective child credit, the taxpayer will receive a special tax bonus equal to the difference between the child allowances and one’s tax liability, without any cap). Other credits are available in case of disability (CZK 2,520, CZK 5,040, or CZK 16,140 depending on the severity of disability), student tax credit (CZK 4,020 - up to 26-year-olds - abolished in 2024).
An employee's contribution to an old-age pension, a taxpayer's annual exemption, exemptions for non-working wife, disability allowance, high school/university students, etc. are among the available deductions. Tax deductions are granted for Czech mortgage interest (up to CZK 150,000 from 2022 onwards), life and supplementary pension insurance (up to CZK 24,000 each), as well as gifts. Donations to certain organizations can be deducted up to 15% the of personal income tax base when the donation is of at least CZK 1,000 or 2% the of personal income tax base.
For certain categories of income, a fixed percentage of gross income may be claimed as a deduction (e.g. lump-sum deductions of 80% for agricultural income or craft activities, 60% for a limited number of trading and entrepreneurial activities, 40% for activities pursuant to the special statutory provision, 30% for renting a property). However, the lump-sum expense deductions are applicable only up to the maximum amount of the respective percentage out of CZK 2 million (i.e. capped at CZK 1,600,000, CZK 1,200,000, CZK 800,000, or CZK 600,000, respectively).
Until the end of 2024, individuals can enjoy a complete tax exemption on capital gains from the sale of shares if they have owned the shares for over three years for securities and five years for shares in other companies. Starting in 2025, the tax exemption will be capped at CZK 40 million annually, representing the maximum sales price of shares eligible for exemption.
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Actualitzacions: July 2024