República Txeca: Visió econòmica i política
The Czech Republic’s economy is very open to the outside world: according to the World Bank, external trade accounts for 133% of the GDP. The automobile industry is the backbone of trade, both for imports and exports. Data from the CZSO show that the main exports in 2023 were motor vehicles (27.7%), machinery and equipment (11.7%), electrical equipment (10.2%), computer, electronic and optical products (8.3%), and fabricated metal products (6.0%); whereas imports were led by motor vehicles (15.1%), computer, electronic and optical products (10.7%), electrical equipment (10.6%), machinery and equipment (9.4%), chemicals and chemical products (8.0%), basic metals (7.3%)
As a medium-sized, open, export-driven economy, the Czech market is strongly dependent on foreign demand, especially from EU partners. In 2023, Germany was the Czech Republic's major trading partner, receiving 30.3% of its exports and supplying 22.9% of its imports. Slovakia was the second top destination for Czech exports (9.4%), followed by Poland (7.2%), France (5%) and Italy (4.2%). China (12.2%) was the second-largest supplier of goods and services to the Czech Republic after Germany, followed by Poland (9%), Slovakia (5.2%), and Italy (4.4%). Overall, the EU accounted for 80.2% of exports and 62.2% of imports (data CZSO).
Czechia recorded a structurally positive trade balance since entering the EU. In 2023, the country’s trade balance was estimated to be positive by 5% of GDP by the World Bank (from 0.8% one year earlier). In the same year, exports of goods totalled USD 255.4 billion (+5.5% year-on-year) whereas imports stood at USD 230.6 billion (-2.5% y-o-y). Concerning trade in services, exports increased to USD 39 billion against USD 35.2 billion in imports (+16.1% and +18.7%, respectively). According to preliminary figures from the Czech Statistical Office, in 2024, exports totalled CZK 4,568 billion, against CZK 4,434 billion in imports.
Foreign Trade Values | 2019 | 2020 | 2021 | 2022 | 2023 |
Imports of Goods (million USD) | 179,039 | 171,100 | 211,972 | 236,663 | 230,599 |
Exports of Goods (million USD) | 199,128 | 191,911 | 226,564 | 242,015 | 255,450 |
Imports of Services (million USD) | 25,829 | 21,622 | 24,996 | 29,706 | 35,279 |
Exports of Services (million USD) | 30,449 | 26,065 | 29,849 | 33,575 | 38,993 |
Source: World Trade Organisation (WTO) ; Latest available data
Foreign Trade Indicators | 2019 | 2020 | 2021 | 2022 | 2023 |
Foreign Trade (in % of GDP) | 138.2 | 128.8 | 137.4 | 144.0 | 133.0 |
Trade Balance (million USD) | 10,482 | 12,249 | 5,105 | -859 | 13,075 |
Trade Balance (Including Service) (million USD) | 15,662 | 16,923 | 10,760 | 3,377 | 17,295 |
Imports of Goods and Services (Annual % Change) | 1.3 | -8.4 | 13.7 | 5.9 | -0.9 |
Exports of Goods and Services (Annual % Change) | 1.3 | -8.5 | 8.2 | 5.1 | 2.7 |
Imports of Goods and Services (in % of GDP) | 66.0 | 61.0 | 66.8 | 71.6 | 64.0 |
Exports of Goods and Services (in % of GDP) | 72.1 | 67.8 | 70.6 | 72.4 | 69.0 |
Source: World Bank ; Latest available data
Foreign Trade Forecasts | 2024 | 2025 (e) | 2026 (e) | 2027 (e) | 2028 (e) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Volume of exports of goods and services (Annual % change) | 1.7 | 5.6 | 4.5 | 4.4 | 4.4 |
Volume of imports of goods and services (Annual % change) | 0.5 | 5.9 | 4.6 | 4.8 | 5.1 |
Source: IMF, World Economic Outlook ; Latest available data
Note: (e) Estimated Data
Main Customers (% of Exports) |
2023 |
Germany | 32.8% |
Slovakia | 7.7% |
Poland | 7.3% |
France | 4.9% |
Austria | 4.2% |
Italy | 4.0% |
United Kingdom | 3.8% |
Hungary | 3.6% |
Netherlands | 3.4% |
Spain | 2.7% |
United States | 2.3% |
Belgium | 2.2% |
Sweden | 1.6% |
Romania | 1.6% |
Switzerland | 1.5% |
Türkiye | 1.4% |
China | 1.0% |
Denmark | 0.9% |
Ukraine | 0.8% |
Bulgaria | 0.6% |
See More Countries | 43.0% |
Main Suppliers (% of Imports) |
2023 |
Germany | 20.9% |
China | 17.6% |
Poland | 8.0% |
Slovakia | 4.4% |
Italy | 3.9% |
France | 2.9% |
United States | 2.8% |
Hungary | 2.7% |
Austria | 2.6% |
Netherlands | 2.6% |
South Korea | 2.1% |
Japan | 1.8% |
Spain | 1.8% |
United Kingdom | 1.7% |
Belgium | 1.6% |
Norway | 1.5% |
Russia | 1.5% |
Romania | 1.4% |
Türkiye | 1.2% |
Vietnam | 1.1% |
See More Countries | 45.1% |
Source: Comtrade, 2024. Because of rounding, the sum of the percentages may be smaller/greater than 100%.
Source: Comtrade, 2024. Because of rounding, the sum of the percentages may be smaller/greater than 100%.
To go further, check out our service Import-Export Flows.
35.3 bn USD of services exported in 2023 | |
25.30% | |
Miscellaneous business,...Miscellaneous business, professional, and technical services | 21.48% |
Research and developmentResearch and development | 3.82% |
24.68% | |
22.35% | |
20.30% | |
2.71% | |
1.81% | |
1.21% | |
1.19% | |
0.41% | |
0.05% |
33.8 bn USD of services imported in 2023 | |
25.44% | |
Miscellaneous business,...Miscellaneous business, professional, and technical services | 22.28% |
Research and developmentResearch and development | 3.16% |
24.29% | |
22.80% | |
12.66% | |
5.83% | |
5.24% | |
2.02% | |
0.93% | |
0.61% | |
0.19% |
Source: United Nations Statistics Division, 2024. Because of rounding, the sum of the percentages may be smaller/greater than 100%.
Vols fer algun comentari sobre aquest contingut? Escriu-nos.
© eexpand, Tots els drets reservats.
Actualitzacions: March 2025
Utilitzem cookies per assegurar la teva connexió i fer estadístiques sobre el nombre de visites. Per obtenir més informació sobre les cookies i saber com rebutjar-les, visita la nostra pàgina de política de cookies .
Aquesta finestra emergent et permet definir la teva preferència de cookies i decidir quin tipus de cookies vols permetre al teu dispositiu.