Romania: Visió econòmica i política
Romania is open to foreign trade, which represents 79% of its GDP (World Bank, latest data available). The country mainly exports motor cars (7.6%) and their parts (8.7%), as well as insulated electric conductors (5.1%); while imports are led by parts for motor vehicles (4.2%), medicaments (3.6%), motor cars (2.5%), and crude oil (2.5% - Comtrade).
The European Union is the main trading partner, especially Germany (22.8%), Italy (10.7%), France (6.7%) and Hungary (5%). Imports follow a similar path, with Germany (20.8%) being the main destination for Romania’s exports, followed by Italy (8.9%), Hungary (7.3%), Poland and China (6.2% each).
Romania’s foreign trade figures for 2020 published by WTO show that merchandise exports amounted to USD 70.7 billion (-8% year-on-year), while imports decreased at a slower pace (-4.5%), to USD 92.1 billion. On the other hand, the country is a net exporter of commercial services, with exports totalling USD 27 billion against USD 16.2 billion of imports (-10.6% and -20.7%, respectively). Overall, Romania has a structurally negative trade balance, which has been widening in recent years: for 2020, it stood at around 4.4% of the country’s GDP (World Bank). According to figures from the national statistical office INSEE, in 2021 exports of goods totalled RON 367,546 million (+22.2%) against RON 484,186 million of imports (+24.3 y-o-y). Intra-EU trade accounted for 72.4% of both imports and exports.
Foreign Trade Values | 2017 | 2018 | 2019 | 2020 | 2021 |
Imports of Goods (million USD) | 85,486 | 97,747 | 96,544 | 92,124 | 116,228 |
Exports of Goods (million USD) | 70,761 | 79,660 | 76,867 | 70,721 | 87,384 |
Imports of Services (million USD) | 14,023 | 18,206 | 20,522 | 16,275 | 21,699 |
Exports of Services (million USD) | 23,314 | 28,088 | 30,273 | 27,064 | 33,015 |
Source: World Trade Organisation (WTO) ; Latest available data
Foreign Trade Indicators | 2017 | 2018 | 2019 | 2020 | 2021 |
Foreign Trade (in % of GDP) | 87.2 | 86.5 | 84.5 | 78.1 | 87.4 |
Trade Balance (million USD) | -14,551 | -18,019 | -19,960 | -21,676 | -27,291 |
Trade Balance (Including Service) (million USD) | -5,304 | -8,157 | -10,282 | -10,875 | -16,177 |
Imports of Goods and Services (Annual % Change) | 11.5 | 8.6 | 8.6 | -5.2 | 14.6 |
Exports of Goods and Services (Annual % Change) | 7.8 | 5.3 | 5.4 | -9.5 | 12.5 |
Imports of Goods and Services (in % of GDP) | 44.8 | 44.9 | 44.3 | 41.2 | 46.5 |
Exports of Goods and Services (in % of GDP) | 42.3 | 41.5 | 40.2 | 36.9 | 40.8 |
Source: World Bank ; Latest available data
Foreign Trade Forecasts | 2022 | 2023 (e) | 2024 (e) | 2025 (e) | 2026 (e) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Volume of exports of goods and services (Annual % change) | 5.9 | 3.7 | 5.9 | 6.3 | 6.5 |
Volume of imports of goods and services (Annual % change) | 9.1 | 6.0 | 6.6 | 6.6 | 6.7 |
Source: IMF, World Economic Outlook ; Latest available data
Note: (e) Estimated Data
Member of the ASEM (Asia-Europe Meeting).
Main Customers (% of Exports) |
2021 |
Germany | 20.5% |
Italy | 10.4% |
France | 6.4% |
Hungary | 5.7% |
Poland | 4.0% |
Bulgaria | 3.9% |
Türkiye | 3.5% |
Netherlands | 3.4% |
Czech Republic | 3.1% |
Spain | 3.0% |
United Kingdom | 2.9% |
Austria | 2.5% |
Slovakia | 2.1% |
Belgium | 2.1% |
United States | 2.1% |
Moldova | 1.7% |
China | 1.5% |
Serbia | 1.4% |
Russia | 1.4% |
Greece | 1.2% |
See More Countries | 53.0% |
Main Suppliers (% of Imports) |
2021 |
Germany | 20.2% |
Italy | 8.9% |
Hungary | 6.9% |
Poland | 6.2% |
China | 5.5% |
Türkiye | 4.9% |
Russia | 4.8% |
Bulgaria | 4.3% |
France | 4.2% |
Netherlands | 4.0% |
Austria | 3.2% |
Czech Republic | 2.9% |
Spain | 2.5% |
Belgium | 2.5% |
Slovakia | 2.0% |
Greece | 1.4% |
Ukraine | 1.4% |
Switzerland | 1.4% |
United Kingdom | 1.1% |
Serbia | 0.9% |
See More Countries | 52.4% |
Source: Comtrade, 2022. Because of rounding, the sum of the percentages may be smaller/greater than 100%.
Source: Comtrade, 2022. Because of rounding, the sum of the percentages may be smaller/greater than 100%.
To go further, check out our service Import Export Flows.
Source: United Nations Statistics Division, 2023. Because of rounding, the sum of the percentages may be smaller/greater than 100%.
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Actualitzacions: January 2023
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