Suècia: Visió econòmica i política
The Swedish economy is very open to foreign trade, which represents 106% of its GDP (World Bank – latest data available). According to the latest data by Statistics Sweden, in the period between January and November 2024, the country mainly exported machinery and transport equipment (44.6%, mostly industrial machinery and road vehicles, at 14.4% and 14.3%, respectively), chemicals and rubber products (15.3%), minerals (10.3%), and wood and paper products (9.1%); whereas imports are led by machinery and transport equipment (43.8%, especially electronics and telecommunication items, at 16.1%), chemicals and rubber products (13.3%), food, beverage and tobacco (11.4%), and mineral fuels (10.3%).
In the same period, Germany and Norway were the top destinations for Swedish exports (10.3% and 9.7%, respectively), ahead of the U.S. (9%), Denmark, and Finland (6.7% each). Germany remained the largest supplier of goods to Sweden (16.1%), followed by the Netherlands (11%), Norway (10%), Denmark (6.6%), Finland and China (5% each). The European Union as a whole is Sweden's biggest trading partner and the country has a structural deficit from its trade with the EU, which accounted for 54.2% of exports and 66.9% of imports (data Statistics Sweden).
Sweden has a structurally positive trade balance: in 2023, the country recorded a trade surplus accounting for nearly 4% of its GDP (from 1.9% one year earlier - World Bank). In the same year, exports of goods stood at USD 197.8 billion (stable year-on-year), against USD 193 billion in imports (-4.5% y-o-y). As for services, exports grew by 10.5% (at USD 104.3 billion) with imports increasing at a slower pace (+7.5%), totalling USD 112.8 billion. According to provisional data from Statistics Sweden, in the period January–November 2024, the value of Swedish exports of goods amounted to SEK 1,897 billion, a decrease of 6% vis-à-vis 2023. At the same time, the value of imports of goods went down by 3% and amounted to SEK 1,836 billion.
Foreign Trade Values | 2019 | 2020 | 2021 | 2022 | 2023 |
Imports of Goods (million USD) | 158,971 | 149,985 | 187,108 | 202,171 | 193,016 |
Exports of Goods (million USD) | 160,576 | 155,496 | 189,524 | 197,867 | 197,860 |
Imports of Services (million USD) | 74,946 | 68,458 | 90,057 | 104,881 | 112,819 |
Exports of Services (million USD) | 77,909 | 68,878 | 88,677 | 94,404 | 104,353 |
Source: World Trade Organisation (WTO) ; Latest available data
Foreign Trade Indicators | 2019 | 2020 | 2021 | 2022 | 2023 |
Foreign Trade (in % of GDP) | 92.5 | 84.3 | 90.3 | 105.9 | 106.4 |
Trade Balance (million USD) | 22,605 | 25,856 | 30,536 | 23,564 | 33,751 |
Trade Balance (Including Service) (million USD) | 23,125 | 23,842 | 29,421 | 14,102 | 25,478 |
Imports of Goods and Services (Annual % Change) | 2.0 | -6.3 | 12.8 | 9.7 | -1.1 |
Exports of Goods and Services (Annual % Change) | 6.9 | -5.5 | 11.9 | 6.2 | 3.2 |
Imports of Goods and Services (in % of GDP) | 44.3 | 40.1 | 43.0 | 52.0 | 51.2 |
Exports of Goods and Services (in % of GDP) | 48.2 | 44.3 | 47.3 | 53.9 | 55.2 |
Source: World Bank ; Latest available data
Foreign Trade Forecasts | 2024 | 2025 (e) | 2026 (e) | 2027 (e) | 2028 (e) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Volume of exports of goods and services (Annual % change) | 2.3 | 3.8 | 3.7 | 3.4 | 2.6 |
Volume of imports of goods and services (Annual % change) | 0.7 | 3.4 | 2.5 | 3.0 | 3.0 |
Source: IMF, World Economic Outlook ; Latest available data
Note: (e) Estimated Data
Main Customers (% of Exports) |
2023 |
Germany | 10.3% |
Norway | 9.2% |
United States | 8.6% |
Denmark | 7.0% |
Finland | 6.9% |
Netherlands | 5.4% |
United Kingdom | 5.3% |
France | 4.4% |
Belgium | 4.3% |
Poland | 3.8% |
China | 3.6% |
Italy | 2.9% |
Spain | 2.2% |
Canada | 1.2% |
Türkiye | 1.1% |
Austria | 1.1% |
Japan | 1.0% |
South Korea | 1.0% |
Switzerland | 0.9% |
Estonia | 0.9% |
See More Countries | 58.0% |
Main Suppliers (% of Imports) |
2023 |
Germany | 16.7% |
Netherlands | 10.7% |
Norway | 10.3% |
Denmark | 6.4% |
China | 5.7% |
Belgium | 5.0% |
Finland | 4.6% |
Poland | 4.4% |
France | 3.7% |
United States | 3.7% |
Italy | 3.3% |
United Kingdom | 3.2% |
Spain | 1.9% |
Czech Republic | 1.9% |
Ireland | 1.1% |
Austria | 1.1% |
Hungary | 1.0% |
Switzerland | 0.9% |
Estonia | 0.9% |
Türkiye | 0.8% |
See More Countries | 50.2% |
Source: Comtrade, 2024. Because of rounding, the sum of the percentages may be smaller/greater than 100%.
Source: Comtrade, 2024. Because of rounding, the sum of the percentages may be smaller/greater than 100%.
To go further, check out our service Import-Export Flows.
98.7 bn USD of services exported in 2023 | |
29.63% | |
Miscellaneous business,...Miscellaneous business, professional, and technical services | 22.23% |
Research and developmentResearch and development | 7.40% |
Other business servicesOther business services | 0.23% |
22.27% | |
12.87% | |
9.93% | |
9.53% | |
8.55% | |
4.16% | |
1.25% | |
0.99% | |
0.81% |
107.1 bn USD of services imported in 2023 | |
38.58% | |
Miscellaneous business,...Miscellaneous business, professional, and technical services | 29.23% |
Research and developmentResearch and development | 9.35% |
Other business servicesOther business services | 5.30% |
14.90% | |
14.06% | |
13.41% | |
12.69% | |
2.23% | |
1.60% | |
1.55% | |
0.74% | |
0.25% |
Source: United Nations Statistics Division, 2024. Because of rounding, the sum of the percentages may be smaller/greater than 100%.
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Actualitzacions: March 2025
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