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Political Outline

Current Political Leaders
President of the Swiss Confederation: Karin KELLER-SUTTER (since 1 January 2025)
Vice President: Karin KELLER-SUTTER (since 1 January 2025)
Next Election Dates
President: December 2025
National Council: October 2027
Council of States: each canton decides its own election dates, but these usually take place at the same time as those of the National Council.
Current Political Context
Switzerland's political and legal environment is widely based on consensus-building. For decades, the seven-seat Federal Council has been dominated by the same four main parties: the SVP, the Social Democrats, the FDP liberals and the CVP. In October 2023, voters elected a new parliament for the 2023-2027 legislative period. Compared to the previous election, the People’s Party gained nine seats (for a total of 62) in the House of Representatives, the Social Democrats gained two (41), and the Centre Party gained one (29). The Radical-Liberals obtained 28, the Greens 23, and the Liberal Greens 10. In the 46-seat Senate, the Centre Party and the Radical-Liberals have won the most seats. In 2025, Karin Keller-Sutter, a native of the St. Gallen canton, will be the president of the Swiss Confederation. Guy Parmelin will serve as the Federal Council's vice president in 2025.
In 2024, Swiss voters took part in several referendums that addressed important national issues. They rejected a plan to raise the retirement age on March 3 but accepted an idea for the 13th OASI pension payment. While measures on health insurance rates and immunizations failed, a plan to increase renewable energy was approved on June 9. A biodiversity project and a reform for occupational pensions were rejected in the ballot on September 22. Ultimately, the government suffered its third consecutive defeat at the polls on November 24, when voters rejected proposals to extend the motorway network.
Concerning foreign and defence policy, in August, a report by Swiss experts commissioned by the Swiss Defense Ministry recommended adapting the country's neutrality policy by strengthening ties with NATO, particularly in areas like digital and hybrid warfare, without pursuing full membership. This proposal sparked significant debate regarding the future of Swiss neutrality.
Main Political Parties
The main parties represented in the parliament are:

- Swiss People's Party (SVP/UDC): populist right-wing group; strong base in German-speaking areas of Switzerland
- Social Democratic Party (SP/PS): centre-left, advocates for social justice, equality, and sustainable development
- The Liberals (FDP/PRD/PLR): centre-right, supports economic liberalism
- The Centre: centre-right (formed from the merger of the Christian Democratic Party and the Conservative Democratic Party)
- Green Party (PES): environmentalist and pacifist party
- Green Liberal Party (GL): left-wing environmentalist group
- Evangelical People's Party (EVP): centre-left
- Federal Democratic Union (EDU/UDF): right-wing
- Swiss Party of Labour (PST/POP): far-left, communist
- Ticino League (Lega): right wing, regionalism
- Geneva Citizens Movement (MCG): right wing.

Executive Power
The President of Switzerland holds a ceremonial role, chairing the Federal Council and representing the country at official functions, but does not serve as a chief of state or head of government in the traditional sense. The position rotates annually by law among the seven members of the Federal Council, Switzerland's collective executive body. The Federal Council, elected by the parliament for a four-year term, governs jointly, with no single member holding individual executive authority. Under Switzerland's constitution, the composition of the Federal Council is not determined by a parliamentary majority but reflects a longstanding four-party power-sharing arrangement established in 1959, commonly known as the 'magic formula'.
Legislative Power
The legislature in Switzerland is bicameral. The parliament, called Federal Assembly, consists of the Council of States (upper house) and the National Council (lower house). The former is comprised of 46 seats, with two members selected from each of the 20 cantons (states/provinces) and one from each of the six half-canton. The National Council is comprised of 200 seats, with its members elected by popular vote on the basis of proportional representation. Members of both the Council of States and the National Council serve four year terms. Unlike parliamentary systems, the executive (Federal Council) is not dependent on parliamentary confidence and cannot be dissolved by a vote of no confidence. The Federal Council operates independently of the Federal Assembly, and there is no mechanism for dissolving the government mid-term. The federal legislative power is vested in both the government and the parliament.
 

Indicator of Freedom of the Press

Definition:

The world rankings, published annually, measures violations of press freedom worldwide. It reflects the degree of freedom enjoyed by journalists, the media and digital citizens of each country and the means used by states to respect and uphold this freedom. Finally, a note and a position are assigned to each country. To compile this index, Reporters Without Borders (RWB) prepared a questionnaire incorporating the main criteria (44 in total) to assess the situation of press freedom in a given country. This questionnaire was sent to partner organisations,150 RWB correspondents, journalists, researchers, jurists and human rights activists. It includes every kind of direct attacks against journalists and digital citizens (murders, imprisonment, assault, threats, etc.) or against the media (censorship, confiscation, searches and harassment etc.).

World Rank:
10/180

Source: World Press Freedom Index, Reporters Without Borders

 

Indicator of Political Freedom

Definition:

The Indicator of Political Freedom provides an annual evaluation of the state of freedom in a country as experienced by individuals. The survey measures freedom according to two broad categories: political rights and civil liberties. The ratings process is based on a checklist of 10 political rights questions (on Electoral Process, Political Pluralism and Participation, Functioning of Government) and 15 civil liberties questions (on Freedom of Expression, Belief, Associational and Organizational Rights, Rule of Law, Personal Autonomy and Individual Rights). Scores are awarded to each of these questions on a scale of 0 to 4, where a score of 0 represents the smallest degree and 4 the greatest degree of rights or liberties present. The total score awarded to the political rights and civil liberties checklist determines the political rights and civil liberties rating. Each rating of 1 through 7, with 1 representing the highest and 7 the lowest level of freedom, corresponds to a range of total scores.

Ranking:
Free
Political Freedom:
1/7

Political freedom in the world (interactive map)
Source: Freedom in the World Report, Freedom House

 

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Actualitzacions: February 2025

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