El marc polític de Togo

Political Outline

Current Political Leaders: President: Faure GNASSINGBE (since 4 May 2005)
Prime Minister: Victoire TOMEGAH Dogbé (since 25 September 2020)
Next Election Dates: Presidential: 2025
National Assembly: April 2030
Main Political Parties: Although political parties operate in Togo, the country remains effectively a one-party dominant state under the leadership of the Union for the Republic (UNIR). In the 2018 elections, UNIR secured a commanding majority by winning 59 out of 91 seats in the unicameral National Assembly. Since then, constitutional reforms have expanded the legislature into a bicameral system, with the National Assembly now consisting of 113 members elected for six-year terms and a newly created Senate providing an additional layer of legislative oversight. Despite these changes, opposition forces—including the social democratic Union of Forces for Change (UFC), as well as smaller parties such as the Patriotic Movement for Democracy and Development, the New Togolese Commitment, and the Pan-African Democratic Party—continue to face significant challenges in gaining real power.
Executive Power: The president is the head of state and is elected by the parliament for a single six-year term. Executive power is exercised by the government, which is led by the President of the Council of Ministers. This position replaces the traditional role of the prime minister and is held by the leader of the party or coalition with a parliamentary majority. The President of the Council of Ministers is responsible for implementing laws, directing government policy, and representing Togo internationally. The Council of Ministers is appointed based on parliamentary majority dynamics. The current constitution does not explicitly detail whether the president retains the power to dissolve the parliament.
Legislative Power: Legislative power is vested in both the government and parliament. Togo has a bicameral legislature, consisting of the National Assembly and the newly established Senate. The National Assembly has 113 members elected every six years through proportional representation in multimember districts. The Senate plays an advisory role, reviewing legislation before the National Assembly makes the final decision. The National Assembly retains its authority to pass laws as the final decision-making body and oversees the government's actions.

Indicator of Freedom of the Press

The world rankings, published annually, measures violations of press freedom worldwide. It reflects the degree of freedom enjoyed by journalists, the media and digital citizens of each country and the means used by states to respect and uphold this freedom. Finally, a note and a position are assigned to each country. To compile this index, Reporters Without Borders (RWB) prepared a questionnaire incorporating the main criteria (44 in total) to assess the situation of press freedom in a given country. This questionnaire was sent to partner organisations,150 RWB correspondents, journalists, researchers, jurists and human rights activists. It includes every kind of direct attacks against journalists and digital citizens (murders, imprisonment, assault, threats, etc.) or against the media (censorship, confiscation, searches and harassment etc.).

World Rank:: 74/180

Indicator of Political Freedom

Definition

Definition:

The Indicator of Political Freedom provides an annual evaluation of the state of freedom in a country as experienced by individuals. The survey measures freedom according to two broad categories: political rights and civil liberties. The ratings process is based on a checklist of 10 political rights questions (on Electoral Process, Political Pluralism and Participation, Functioning of Government) and 15 civil liberties questions (on Freedom of Expression, Belief, Associational and Organizational Rights, Rule of Law, Personal Autonomy and Individual Rights). Scores are awarded to each of these questions on a scale of 0 to 4, where a score of 0 represents the smallest degree and 4 the greatest degree of rights or liberties present. The total score awarded to the political rights and civil liberties checklist determines the political rights and civil liberties rating. Each rating of 1 through 7, with 1 representing the highest and 7 the lowest level of freedom, corresponds to a range of total scores.

Ranking:: Partly Free
Political Freedom:: 5/7

Political freedom in the world (interactive map)
Source: Freedom in the World Report, Freedom House

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