Tunísia: Visió econòmica i política
Tunisia's foreign trade represents 111% of its GDP (World Bank, latest data available). According to figures from the Ministry of Commerce, in 2022 exports were led by mechanical and electrical industries (42.6%), textile and clothing (15.9%), agricultural products (11.8%), energy products (7.9%), and mining products (6.3%). As per imports, the mechanical and electrical industries had the lion’s share (36.3%), ahead of energy products (18.3%), agricultural and food products (13%), and textiles (9.3%).
The European Union is Tunisia's main trading partner, accounting for 67,5% of its exports and 44.2% of its imports. On a country level, exports are mainly directed towards France (22.2%), Italy (16.8%), Germany (12.9%), Spain (4.5%), and Libya (4.3%); whereas imports come chiefly from Italy (14.5%), China (10.5%), France (10%), Turkey (6.1%), and Germany (5.4% - data Ministry of Commerce). Tunisia has pursued an active policy of enhancing its trade with the rest of Africa. In this regard, Tunisia signed a trade cooperation agreement with Ghana in 2019. In the same year, the Tunisian Parliament ratified the country's official accession to the Common Market for Eastern and Southern Africa (COMESA, a joint free trade area with twenty member states stretching from Libya to Swaziland). Furthermore, Tunisia is seeking to join the Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS) and is a signatory to the African Continental Free Trade Area (AfCFTA). Click here for a list of the FTAs signed by Tunisia.
Tunisia's trade balance is structurally negative: according to the World Bank, the deficit stood at around 12% of GDP in 2022. In the same year, exports reached USD 18.5 billion (+11.2%), with imports increasing at a faster pace (+18.5%), totalling USD 26.6 billion. Concerning services, exports stood at USD 4.4 billion against USD 3.2 of imports (+52.6% and +17.4% y-o-y, respectively). According to preliminary figures from the National Statistical Institute, exports increased by 7.9% y-o-y in 2023, reaching TND 62,077.3 million. As for imports, there was a decrease of 4.4% (TND 79,146.3 million).
Foreign Trade Values | 2019 | 2020 | 2021 | 2022 | 2023 |
Imports of Goods (million USD) | 21,564 | 18,360 | 22,486 | 26,656 | 25,485 |
Exports of Goods (million USD) | 14,933 | 13,799 | 16,689 | 18,561 | 19,985 |
Imports of Services (million USD) | 3,047 | 2,269 | 2,840 | 3,461 | 4,000 |
Exports of Services (million USD) | 4,174 | 2,406 | 3,267 | 4,980 | 6,114 |
Source: World Trade Organisation (WTO) ; Latest available data
Foreign Trade Indicators | 2018 | 2019 | 2020 | 2021 | 2022 |
Foreign Trade (in % of GDP) | 103.9 | 102.3 | 84.2 | 94.4 | 107.4 |
Trade Balance (million USD) | -6,045 | -5,498 | -3,535 | -4,665 | n/a |
Trade Balance (Including Service) (million USD) | -5,406 | -4,372 | -3,586 | -4,526 | n/a |
Imports of Goods and Services (Annual % Change) | 2.5 | -8.4 | -16.6 | 10.9 | 9.5 |
Exports of Goods and Services (Annual % Change) | 4.6 | -4.2 | -20.0 | 11.8 | 5.9 |
Imports of Goods and Services (in % of GDP) | 58.4 | 56.4 | 46.3 | 52.2 | 59.2 |
Exports of Goods and Services (in % of GDP) | 45.5 | 46.0 | 38.0 | 42.1 | 48.2 |
Source: World Bank ; Latest available data
Foreign Trade Forecasts | 2023 | 2024 (e) | 2025 (e) | 2026 (e) | 2027 (e) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Volume of exports of goods and services (Annual % change) | 9.2 | 0.5 | 1.4 | 1.8 | 1.8 |
Volume of imports of goods and services (Annual % change) | 4.2 | 6.0 | 5.6 | 5.0 | 1.5 |
Source: IMF, World Economic Outlook ; Latest available data
Note: (e) Estimated Data
Main Customers (% of Exports) |
2022 |
France | 22.3% |
Italy | 16.8% |
Germany | 12.9% |
Spain | 4.5% |
Libya | 4.3% |
United Kingdom | 2.5% |
United States | 2.4% |
Netherlands | 2.2% |
Türkiye | 1.9% |
Belgium | 1.8% |
Algeria | 1.8% |
India | 1.6% |
Morocco | 1.5% |
Malta | 1.1% |
Poland | 1.0% |
Romania | 0.9% |
Switzerland | 0.9% |
Bangladesh | 0.8% |
United Arab Emirates | 0.7% |
Canada | 0.6% |
See More Countries | 39.2% |
Main Suppliers (% of Imports) |
2022 |
Italy | 14.6% |
China | 10.5% |
France | 10.4% |
Türkiye | 6.1% |
Algeria | 6.0% |
Germany | 5.6% |
Spain | 4.2% |
Russia | 3.5% |
United States | 2.9% |
Saudi Arabia | 2.5% |
Azerbaijan | 2.2% |
India | 2.0% |
Greece | 1.8% |
Brazil | 1.4% |
United Arab Emirates | 1.4% |
Romania | 1.3% |
Egypt | 1.2% |
Belgium | 1.2% |
Argentina | 0.9% |
Ukraine | 0.9% |
See More Countries | 52.5% |
Source: Comtrade, 2024. Because of rounding, the sum of the percentages may be smaller/greater than 100%.
Source: Comtrade, 2024. Because of rounding, the sum of the percentages may be smaller/greater than 100%.
To go further, check out our service Import-Export Flows.
5.0 bn USD of services exported in 2022 | |
41.00% | |
Personal travelPersonal travel | 40.23% |
OtherOther | 26.85% |
Business travelBusiness travel | 0.77% |
32.15% | |
9.02% | |
8.72% | |
3.03% | |
2.60% | |
1.89% | |
0.83% | |
0.45% | |
0.31% |
3.2 bn USD of services imported in 2022 | |
51.27% | |
24.35% | |
Personal travelPersonal travel | 21.92% |
OtherOther | 24.38% |
Business travelBusiness travel | 2.43% |
6.88% | |
5.07% | |
4.50% | |
3.24% | |
2.98% | |
0.82% | |
0.74% | |
0.14% |
Source: United Nations Statistics Division, 2024. Because of rounding, the sum of the percentages may be smaller/greater than 100%.
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Actualitzacions: July 2024
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