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Foreign Trade in Figures

Ukraine is a very open economy, with a share of foreign trade in the country's GDP of 83% in 2021 (World Bank). Ukraine is the world's fifth largest exporter of grains and one of the main exporters of iron and steel. In 2021, the main exported products were iron (10.3% of exports), sunflower seeds (9.6%), corn (8.9%), wheat (7.2%), steel and oils. The main imported products were petroleum oils (7.8%), vehicles (6.3%), petroleum gas (4.2%), coal (3.4%), medicaments (3%), electrical apparatus and pesticides (Comtrade). After recovering from the COVID-19 pandemic, trade volumes suffered from the consequences of Russia’s aggression in 2022.

Foreign trade has been hardly hit by the conflict with Russia, which has traditionally been a major supplier of oil and gas, accounting for almost a quarter of the country's total imports. Ukraine is seeking to develop its trade relations with the member states of the European Union, with a view to emancipate from Russia. The EU and Ukraine have provisionally applied their Deep and Comprehensive Free Trade Agreement (CCFTA) since January 2016. The EU is the destination of 39% of Ukraine’s total exports and the origin of 40.2% of the country’s imports (WTO, 2021). China has now become Ukraine's main trading partner, before Russia. In 2021, China accounted for 15.2% of Ukraine's imports, followed by Germany (8.7%), Russia (8.4%), Poland (7%), Belarus (6.7%) and the United States (4.9%). Ukraine's main customers are China (12.1% of exports), Poland (7.6%), Turkey (6.1%), Russia (5.1%), Italy (4.9%), Germany (4.2%) and India (3.8%) (Comtrade).
 
According to WTO data, in 2021 Ukraine exported USD 68.1 billion worth of goods and imported USD 72.5 billion worth, recording a trade deficit of around USD 4.4 billion. Exports of services reached USD 18.6 billion, while imports amounted to USD 14.3 billion. According to Bank of Ukraine data, from January to September 2022, exports of goods and services reached USD 42.4 billion, compared to USD 57.6 billion during the same period a year earlier ; while imports amounted to USD 57.2 billion from January to September 2022, compared to USD 58.4 billion in 2021.

 
Foreign Trade Values 20172018201920202021
Imports of Goods (million USD) 49,60957,04660,60753,92972,527
Exports of Goods (million USD) 43,26547,34850,06649,22068,075
Imports of Services (million USD) 12,23113,80914,90410,03514,342
Exports of Services (million USD) 13,86015,53617,15415,22418,631

Source: World Trade Organisation (WTO) ; Latest available data

Foreign Trade Indicators 20172018201920202021
Foreign Trade (in % of GDP) 104.099.290.579.282.6
Trade Balance (million USD) -9,663-12,714-14,261-6,778-6,642
Trade Balance (Including Service) (million USD) -8,744-11,378-12,511-2,378-2,671
Imports of Goods and Services (Annual % Change) 12.92.85.7-6.412.7
Exports of Goods and Services (Annual % Change) 3.9-1.47.3-5.8-10.4
Imports of Goods and Services (in % of GDP) 55.954.049.340.341.9
Exports of Goods and Services (in % of GDP) 48.145.241.238.840.7

Source: World Bank ; Latest available data

Foreign Trade Forecasts 20222023 (e)2024 (e)2025 (e)2026 (e)
Volume of exports of goods and services (Annual % change) -43.1-19.50.00.00.0
Volume of imports of goods and services (Annual % change) -27.87.40.00.00.0

Source: IMF, World Economic Outlook ; Latest available data

Note: (e) Estimated Data

 
International Economic Cooperation
Ukraine is a member of the following international economic organisations: Organization for Democracy and Economic Development (GUAM), IMF, Black Sea Economic Cooperation Zone (BSEC), WTO, Eurasian Economic Community (EAEC) (observer), among others. For the full list of economic and other international organisations in which participates Ukraine click here. International organisation membership of Ukraine is also outlined here.
Free Trade Agreements
The complete and up-to-date list of Free Trade Agreements signed by Ukraine can be consulted here.
 

Main Partner Countries

Main Customers
(% of Exports)
2021
China 12.1%
Poland 7.6%
Türkiye 6.1%
Russia 5.1%
Italy 4.9%
See More Countries 64.2%
Main Suppliers
(% of Imports)
2021
China 15.2%
Germany 8.7%
Russia 8.4%
Poland 7.0%
Belarus 6.7%
See More Countries 54.0%

Source: Comtrade, 2022. Because of rounding, the sum of the percentages may be smaller/greater than 100%.

 
 

Main Products

65.9 bn USD of products exported in 2021
Iron ores and concentrates, incl. roasted iron...Iron ores and concentrates, incl. roasted iron pyrites 10.3%
Sunflower-seed, safflower or cotton-seed oil and...Sunflower-seed, safflower or cotton-seed oil and fractions thereof, whether or not refined, but not chemically modified 9.6%
Maize or cornMaize or corn 8.9%
Wheat and meslinWheat and meslin 7.2%
Semi-finished products of iron or non-alloy steelSemi-finished products of iron or non-alloy steel 5.9%
See More Products 58.1%
70.0 bn USD of products imported in 2021
Petroleum oils and oils obtained from bituminous...Petroleum oils and oils obtained from bituminous minerals (excl. crude); preparations containing >= 70% by weight of petroleum oils or of oils obtained from bituminous minerals, these oils being the basic constituents of the preparations, n.e.s.; waste oils containing mainly petroleum or bituminous minerals 7.8%
Motor cars and other motor vehicles principally...Motor cars and other motor vehicles principally designed for the transport of persons, incl. station wagons and racing cars (excl. motor vehicles of heading 8702) 6.3%
Petroleum gas and other gaseous hydrocarbonsPetroleum gas and other gaseous hydrocarbons 4.2%
Coal; briquettes, ovoids and similar solid fuels...Coal; briquettes, ovoids and similar solid fuels manufactured from coal 3.4%
Medicaments consisting of mixed or unmixed...Medicaments consisting of mixed or unmixed products for therapeutic or prophylactic uses, put up in measured doses "incl. those in the form of transdermal administration" or in forms or packings for retail sale (excl. goods of heading 3002, 3005 or 3006) 3.0%
See More Products 75.3%

Source: Comtrade, 2022. Because of rounding, the sum of the percentages may be smaller/greater than 100%.

 
 

To go further, check out our service Import Export Flows.

 

Main Services

9.1 bn USD of services exported in 2017
64.42%
17.35%
10.19%
2.68%
2.44%
1.13%
0.82%
0.44%
0.32%
0.16%
0.04%
5.4 bn USD of services imported in 2017
22.26%
19.54%
15.33%
14.72%
7.86%
7.52%
5.35%
2.70%
2.38%
1.97%
0.38%

Source: United Nations Statistics Division, 2023. Because of rounding, the sum of the percentages may be smaller/greater than 100%.

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Actualitzacions: June 2023

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