Vietnam: Visió econòmica i política
Vietnam is one of the most open economies to international trade in Asia, with trade representing 186% of its GDP (World Bank, latest data available). Vietnam exports transmission electronic apparatus and telephones (21.2% of all exports in 2022), electronic integrated circuits and microassemblies (3.6%), footwear (3.2%), technology products, and automatic data processing machines. Imports include electronic integrated circuits and microassemblies (15.3% of all imports in 2022), telephones (7%), petroleum oils (4.7%), and coal (1.8% - data Comtrade).
The main export partners are the United States (29.5% of all exports in 2022), China (15.6%), South Korea (6.5%), Japan (6.5%), and Hong Kong (2.9%). Its main suppliers are China (32.82% of all imports), South Korea (17.3%), Japan (6.5%), and the United States (4%). The Vietnamese economic model remains heavily dependent on foreign investment and exports, especially to the United States and China. In recent years, Vietnam has demonstrated a strong commitment to trade liberalization. It joined the WTO in 2007 and signed Free Trade Agreements (FTAs) with the ASEAN countries and the United States. Vietnam also enjoys a cooperation agreement with the EU. A free trade agreement between both parties was ratified by the European Parliament in February 2020 and is expected to enter into force soon. A Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership (RCEP) - the world’s largest trade agreement - was signed by Vietnam in 2020, which includes 16 countries in total: Australia, Brunei, Cambodia, China, India, Indonesia, Japan, Laos, Malaysia, Myanmar, New Zealand, Philippines, Singapore, South Korea, and Thailand.
Vietnamese trade is characterized by some geographic inequality: the country shows a trade surplus with Western countries, but a series of deficits with some of its Asian neighbors. In 2022, the value of exports of goods surged to USD 371.29 billion, up from USD 335.98 billion in 2021. Similarly, imports of goods rose to USD 359.15 billion in 2022, compared to USD 332.45 billion in 2021 (data WTO). According to the Ministry of Industry and Trade, the total import-export turnover in 2023 is estimated to reach USD 683 billion, comprising USD 354.5 billion from exports and USD 328.5 billion from imports.
Foreign Trade Values | 2019 | 2020 | 2021 | 2022 | 2023 |
Imports of Goods (million USD) | 253,393 | 262,701 | 332,455 | 359,148 | 325,776 |
Exports of Goods (million USD) | 264,268 | 282,629 | 335,978 | 371,288 | 353,782 |
Imports of Services (million USD) | 19,028 | 18,325 | 19,407 | 27,441 | 29,060 |
Exports of Services (million USD) | 16,652 | 6,346 | 3,643 | 13,520 | 19,590 |
Source: World Trade Organisation (WTO) ; Latest available data
Foreign Trade Indicators | 2018 | 2019 | 2020 | 2021 | 2022 |
Foreign Trade (in % of GDP) | 164.7 | 164.7 | 163.2 | 186.5 | n/a |
Trade Balance (million USD) | 16,540 | 21,494 | 30,708 | 17,466 | 25,717 |
Trade Balance (Including Service) (million USD) | 12,860 | 19,143 | 20,421 | 1,799 | 13,093 |
Imports of Goods and Services (Annual % Change) | 9.6 | 4.9 | 3.3 | 15.8 | n/a |
Exports of Goods and Services (Annual % Change) | 12.3 | 6.2 | 4.1 | 13.9 | n/a |
Imports of Goods and Services (in % of GDP) | 80.2 | 79.5 | 78.9 | 93.2 | n/a |
Exports of Goods and Services (in % of GDP) | 84.4 | 85.2 | 84.4 | 93.3 | n/a |
Source: World Bank ; Latest available data
Foreign Trade Forecasts | 2023 | 2024 (e) | 2025 (e) | 2026 (e) | 2027 (e) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Volume of exports of goods and services (Annual % change) | -3.9 | 4.7 | 5.5 | 7.2 | 7.1 |
Volume of imports of goods and services (Annual % change) | -4.7 | 8.7 | 6.6 | 8.2 | 7.7 |
Source: IMF, World Economic Outlook ; Latest available data
Note: (e) Estimated Data
Main Customers (% of Exports) |
2022 |
United States | 29.5% |
China | 15.6% |
South Korea | 6.5% |
Japan | 6.5% |
Hong Kong SAR, China | 2.9% |
Netherlands | 2.8% |
Germany | 2.4% |
India | 2.1% |
Thailand | 2.0% |
Canada | 1.7% |
United Kingdom | 1.6% |
Cambodia | 1.5% |
Malaysia | 1.5% |
Australia | 1.5% |
Philippines (the) | 1.4% |
Mexico | 1.2% |
Indonesia | 1.2% |
Italy | 1.2% |
Singapore | 1.2% |
Belgium | 1.1% |
See More Countries | 38.9% |
Main Suppliers (% of Imports) |
2022 |
China | 32.8% |
South Korea | 17.3% |
Japan | 6.5% |
United States | 4.0% |
Thailand | 3.9% |
Australia | 2.8% |
Indonesia | 2.7% |
Malaysia | 2.5% |
India | 2.0% |
Kuwait | 1.8% |
Singapore | 1.3% |
Cambodia | 1.3% |
Brazil | 1.3% |
Argentina | 1.1% |
Germany | 1.0% |
Ireland | 0.9% |
Philippines (the) | 0.8% |
Russia | 0.6% |
Saudi Arabia | 0.5% |
Hong Kong SAR, China | 0.5% |
See More Countries | 35.5% |
Source: Comtrade, 2024. Because of rounding, the sum of the percentages may be smaller/greater than 100%.
Source: Comtrade, 2024. Because of rounding, the sum of the percentages may be smaller/greater than 100%.
To go further, check out our service Import-Export Flows.
13.5 bn USD of services exported in 2022 | |
41.50% | |
Air transportAir transport | 15.12% |
PassengerPassenger | 12.33% |
FreightFreight | 2.78% |
Sea transportSea transport | 15.06% |
OtherOther | 11.45% |
FreightFreight | 3.60% |
23.74% | |
15.73% | |
9.63% | |
Information servicesInformation services | 1.48% |
3.60% | |
Telecommunications servicesTelecommunications services | 2.79% |
Postal and courier servicesPostal and courier services | 0.81% |
1.71% | |
1.33% | |
1.32% | |
0.75% | |
0.58% | |
0.11% |
27.4 bn USD of services imported in 2022 | |
45.65% | |
Sea transportSea transport | 36.96% |
FreightFreight | 36.94% |
OtherOther | 0.02% |
Air transportAir transport | 5.06% |
PassengerPassenger | 4.37% |
FreightFreight | 0.69% |
24.36% | |
12.59% | |
6.42% | |
3.48% | |
2.08% | |
Information servicesInformation services | 0.56% |
1.63% | |
Telecommunications servicesTelecommunications services | 1.36% |
Postal and courier servicesPostal and courier services | 0.26% |
1.44% | |
1.07% | |
0.74% | |
0.54% |
Source: United Nations Statistics Division, 2024. Because of rounding, the sum of the percentages may be smaller/greater than 100%.
Vols fer algun comentari sobre aquest contingut? Escriu-nos.
© eexpand, Tots els drets reservats.
Actualitzacions: May 2024
Utilitzem cookies per assegurar la teva connexió i fer estadístiques sobre el nombre de visites. Per obtenir més informació sobre les cookies i saber com rebutjar-les, visita la nostra pàgina de política de cookies .
Aquesta finestra emergent et permet definir la teva preferència de cookies i decidir quin tipus de cookies vols permetre al teu dispositiu.